ArticleCell2021
Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
242citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Seroconversion rate after primary vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (acellular, three components) combined vaccine, adsorbed after three-dose priming in 2 months age infants: a randomized, blinded, controlled phase III clinical trial in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Trial
- Improved VSV-Ebola-GP booster vaccination approach promotes antibody affinity maturation and durable anti-Ebola immunity in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Trial
- Phase 2/3 study evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and noninferiority of single booster dose of AVX/COVID-12 vaccine.Science advances · 2025Trial
- Anti-neuraminidase and anti-hemagglutinin stalk responses to different influenza a(H7N9) vaccine regimens.Vaccine · 2025Trial
- Long-term safety and effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults: COVE trial open-label and booster phases.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Antibody persistence of standard versus double three-dose hepatitis B vaccine in liver transplant children: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant RBD-based protein adjuvanted vaccine used as booster in healthy adults.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Persistence of immune response in heterologous COVID vaccination schedules in the Com-COV2 study - A single-blind, randomised trial incorporating mRNA, viral-vector and protein-adjuvant vaccines.The Journal of infection · 2023Trial
- The immunogenicity of an extended dosing interval of BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant among healthy school-aged children, a randomized controlled trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- An Age-stratified, Randomized Immunogenicity Trial of Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine with Delayed Second Dose in Cameroon.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Trial
- Effect of priming interval on reactogenicity, peak immunological response, and waning after homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccine schedules: exploratory analyses of Com-COV, a randomised control trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Trial
- Six-month follow-up of a booster dose of CoronaVac in two single-centre phase 2 clinical trials.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Recoding by NNature communications · 2026Article
- Malaria serology for surveillance, insights into immunity, and vaccine development.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Trivalent multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus 40/41: epitope screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation with in silico validation guided by immunoinformatics.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
60 authors.
Rebecca P PayneTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK. Electronic address: rebecca.payne2@newcastle.ac.uk.
Stephanie LongetWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
James A AustinNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Donal T SkellyPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Wanwisa DejnirattisaiWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sandra AdelePeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Naomi MeardonSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Sian FaustiniInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Saly Al-TaeiInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Shona C MooreNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Tom TiptonWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Luisa M HeringNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Adrienn AngyalDepartment of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Rebecca BrownDepartment of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Alexander R NicolsTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Natalie GillsonPublic Health England, Colindale, London, UK.
Susan L DobsonNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Ali AminiOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Piyada SupasaWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew CrossLiverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Alice Bridges-WebbOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Laura Silva ReyesOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Aline LinderOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gurjinder SandharDepartment of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Jonathan A KilbyDepartment of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Jessica K TyermanTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Thomas AltmannTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle, UK.
Hailey HornsbyDepartment of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Rachel WhithamSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Eloise PhillipsPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Tom MalonePeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alexander HargreavesWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Adrian ShieldsInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Ayoub SaeiPublic Health England, Colindale, London, UK.
Sarah FoulkesPublic Health England, Colindale, London, UK.
Lizzie StaffordOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Sile JohnsonPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Daniel G WoottonNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Christopher P ConlonOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Katie JefferyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Philippa C MatthewsPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
John FraterPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Alexandra S DeeksPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Andrew J PollardOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anthony BrownPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sarah L Rowland-JonesSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Juthathip MongkolsapayaWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Eleanor BarnesPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Susan HopkinsPublic Health England, Colindale, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Victoria HallPublic Health England, Colindale, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christina DoldOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christopher J A DuncanTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK.
Alex RichterInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Miles CarrollWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gavin ScreatonWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thushan I de SilvaSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Lance TurtleNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Paul KlenermanPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: paul.klenerman@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
Susanna DunachiePeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.
PITCH Consortium
Funding
British Heart Foundation FS/18/52/33808Medical Research Council MR/V028448/1Medical Research Council MR/W02067X/1Wellcome Trust 204721/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 211153/Z/18/Z
Abstract
Extension of the interval between vaccine doses for the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was introduced in the United Kingdom to accelerate population coverage with a single dose. At this time, trial data were lacking, and we addressed this in a study of United Kingdom healthcare workers. The first vaccine dose induced protection from infection from the circulating alpha (B.1.1.7) variant over several weeks. In a substudy of 589 individuals, we show that this single dose induces severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a sustained B and T cell response to the spike protein. NAb levels were higher after the extended dosing interval (6-14 weeks) compared with the conventional 3- to 4-week regimen, accompanied by enrichment of CD4
Indexed as
AdultAgedAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross-PrimingDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicEthnicityFemaleHumansImmunityImmunoglobulin GLinear ModelsMaleAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin GmRNA VaccinesVaccines, SyntheticantibodyB cellBNT162b2COVID-19dosing intervalneutralizationSARS-CoV-2T cellvaccinevariants of concern
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.