Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34735591›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology2022

Effects of average reward rate on vigor as a function of individual variation in striatal dopamine.

Lieke Hofmans, Andrew Westbrook, Ruben van den Bosch, Jan Booij, Robbert-Jan Verkes, Roshan Cools

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Methylphenidate undermines or enhances divergent creativity depending on baseline dopamine synthesis capacity.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023
    Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Striatal dopamine and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  6. Striatal Dopamine Actions and Movement: Inferences from Parkinson Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Lieke HofmansDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. l.hofmans@donders.ru.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-6243
Andrew WestbrookDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Ruben van den BoschDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Jan BooijDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Robbert-Jan VerkesDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Roshan CoolsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Radboud University Nijmegen · NL

Funding

Subjective Cognitive Effort Indexes Sub-Criticality in the BrainK99MH125021 · NIMH · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI WESTBROOK, JOHN ANDREW · 2021 to 2022
$211k
Dopamine and a Bias for Proximal Action in Cognitive EffortF32MH115600 · NIMH · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI WESTBROOK, JOHN ANDREW · 2018 to 2020
$188k
NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH115600NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH125021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleWe constantly need to decide not only which actions to perform, but also how vigorously to perform them. In agreement with an earlier theoretical model, it has been shown that a significant portion of the variance in our action vigor can be explained by the average rate of rewards received for that action. Moreover, this invigorating effect of average reward rate was shown to vary with within-subject changes in dopamine, both in human individuals and experimental rodents.

objectivesHere, we assessed whether individual differences in the effect of average reward rate on vigor are related to individual variation in a stable measure of striatal dopamine function in healthy, unmedicated participants.

methodsForty-four participants performed a discrimination task to test the effect of average reward rate on response times to index vigor and completed an [

resultsWe did not find an interaction between dopamine synthesis capacity and average reward rate across the entire group. However, a post hoc analysis revealed that participants with higher striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, exhibited a stronger invigorating effect of average reward rate among the 30 slowest participants.

conclusionsOur findings provide converging evidence for a role of striatal dopamine in average reward rate signaling, thereby extending the current literature on the mechanistic link between average reward rate, vigor, and dopamine.

Indexed as

DopamineMotivationCorpus StriatumReaction TimeRewardDopamineAverage reward rateDopamineIndividual differencesOpportunity costPETVigor

Identifiers

PMID34735591
PMCPMC10280308
OpenAlexW3211175924

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.