ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- WC1/WC2-Sre1 Transcriptional Cascade Controls Predation and Chlamydospore Formation in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- FlbD: A Regulator of Hyphal Growth, Stress Resistance, Pathogenicity, and Chlamydospore Production in the Nematode-Trapping FungusMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- The Egh16-like virulence factor TrsA of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans facilitates intrusion into its host Caenorhabditis elegans.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Predation by nematode-trapping fungus triggers mechanosensory-dependent quiescence iniScience · 2025Article
- The cysteine-rich virulence factor NipA of Arthrobotrys flagrans interferes with cuticle integrity of Caenorhabditis elegans.Nature communications · 2024Article
- GprC of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans activates mitochondria and reprograms fungal cells for nematode hunting.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Analysis of Nuclear Dynamics in Nematode-Trapping Fungi Based on Fluorescent Protein Labeling.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A palisade-shaped membrane reservoir is required for rapid ring cell inflation in Drechslerella dactyloides.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- AfLaeA, a Global Regulator of Mycelial Growth, Chlamydospore Production, Pathogenicity, Secondary Metabolism, and Energy Metabolism in the Nematode-Trapping FungusMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Life History Transition with Nematode-Trapping FungusPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Making "Sense" of Ecology from a Genetic Perspective:Metabolites · 2022Review
- Microbiota manipulation through the secretion of effector proteins is fundamental to the wealth of lifestyles in the fungal kingdom.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a diverse and intriguing group of fungi that live saprotrophically but can switch to a predatory lifestyle when starving and in the presence of nematodes. NTF like Arthrobotrys oligospora or Duddingtonia flagrans produce adhesive trapping networks to catch and immobilize nematodes. After penetration of the cuticle, hyphae grow and develop inside the worm and secrete large amounts of hydrolytic enzymes for digestion. In many microbial pathogenic interactions small-secreted proteins (SSPs) are used to manipulate the host. The genome of D. flagrans encodes more than 100 of such putative SSPs one of which is the cysteine-rich protein CyrA. We have chosen this gene for further analysis because it is only found in NTF and appeared to be upregulated during the interaction. We show that the cyrA gene was transcriptionally induced in trap cells, and the protein accumulated at the inner rim of the hyphal ring before Caenorhabditis elegans capture. After worm penetration, the protein appeared at the fungal infection bulb, where it is likely to be secreted with the help of the exocyst complex. A cyrA-deletion strain was less virulent, and the time from worm capture to paralysis was extended. Heterologous expression of CyrA in C. elegans reduced its lifespan. CyrA accumulated in C. elegans in coelomocytes where the protein possibly is inactivated. This is the first example that SSPs may be important in predatory microbial interactions.
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