ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by Leishmania infantum infection.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteric Fever-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Pooled it
- More than malaria: ExploringCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Contrasting outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis in two patients with membranous nephropathy receiving immunosuppressive therapy: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient With Crohn's Disease in Therapy With Anti-TNFα: A Challenging Diagnostic Case Report.Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical and PET/CT metabolic imaging characteristics across the evolving spectrum of visceral leishmaniasis and associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical features, course, and risk factors of infection-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Infection · 2025Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking inflammatory myositis that led to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Case Report: Fever of unknown origin with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and intestinal hemorrhage-a successfully treated case of severe visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to visceral leishmaniasis in children: case report and systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical and laboratory characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chinese migrant workers returned from Iraq.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Parasitic and Fungal Triggers of Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Immune response to viscerotropicFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Case Report: Diagnosis and Treatment of Two Clinical Cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis-Related Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- CD38European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- The Treatment Based on Ruxolitinib and Amphotericin B is Effective for Relapsed Leishmaniasis-Related Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Article
- Immunological biomarkers and their role in the diagnosis and prognosis of leishmaniasis: A case-control study.Tropical parasitologyArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) could progress to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which is a rare but life-threatening condition with poor prognosis. So far, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of VL associated HLH have not been well elucidated. METHOD AND
findingsIn this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory profiles between 17 patients with VL associated HLH and 27 patients with VL alone admitted at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2016 to March 2021. In addition to the identification of Leishmania infection, hemophagocytosis was identified in bone marrow in the most cases of VL associated HLH (15/17). The patients with VL associated HLH had higher chances of bleeding, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, hypofibrinogenemia, elevated secretion of soluble IL-2 receptor or lower NK cell activity compared to patients with VL only. Furthermore, patients with VL associated HLH had higher inflammation status associated with higher levels of Th1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-23) in the peripheral blood, and higher parasite load (qPCR and parasite culture). All 27 VL cases were totally recovered after being treated with Sodium Stibogluconate, five of the 17 patients with VL associated HLH died even after timely treatment with anti-parasite and immunosuppressive chemotherapy.
conclusionWithout appropriate treatment, visceral leishmaniosis could develop to secondary HLH. The parasite culturing and qPCR detection of bone marrow samples facilitates the diagnosis of VL associated HLH in addition to other findings of HLH. Prompt treatment with anti-Leishmania and immunosuppressive chemotherapy is critical to reduce the mortality of VL associated HLH.
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