ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2022
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Asian American Vaccination, Testing, and Other Healthcare Knowledge & Behaviors during COVID-19, A Systematic Review.Pathogens and global health · 2023Pooled it
- Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 for Pfizer BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca vaccines: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Accelerating model-informed decisions for COVID-19 vaccine candidates using a model-based meta-analysis approach.EBioMedicine · 2022Pooled it
- Third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A systematic review of 30 published studies.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Waning neutralizing antibodies through 180 days after homologous and heterologous boosters of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2-adjuvanted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein vaccine: a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2): results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Six-month follow-up of a booster dose of CoronaVac in two single-centre phase 2 clinical trials.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Safety of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 booster doses in Asian populations: A literature review of post-marketing observational studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Article
- Effectiveness, Safety, and Immunogenicity of a Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Baseline Human Metabolic Profiling and Risk of Death from COVID-19: Conceptualization of Multivariate Prediction Model Development via Retrospective Database Analysis in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Mortality in the Omicron Period: Evidence from Linked Mortality and Vaccination Records.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Body Mass Index and Hemoglobin A1c Correlate with Clinical Needs After COVID-19 Vaccination in the Veterans Affairs System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Kidney Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Peritoneal Dialysis as the Preferred Modality.Vaccines · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Estimating the Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination and Infection Variant on Post-COVID-19 Venous Thrombosis or Embolism Risk.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine effectiveness against infection (VE-I) and death (VE-D) by vaccine type in 780,225 veterans in the Veterans Health Administration, covering 2.7% of the US population. From February to October 2021, VE-I declined for all vaccine types, and the decline was greatest for the Janssen vaccine, resulting in a VE-I of 13.1%. Although breakthrough infection increased risk of death, vaccination remained protective against death in persons who became infected during the Delta variant surge. From July to October 2021, VE-D for age <65 years was 73.0% for Janssen, 81.5% for Moderna, and 84.3% for Pfizer-BioNTech; VE-D for age ≥65 years was 52.2% for Janssen, 75.5% for Moderna, and 70.1% for Pfizer-BioNTech. Findings support continued efforts to increase vaccination, booster campaigns, and multiple additional layers of protection against infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.