ArticleActa otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale2021
Association between upper airway obstruction and malocclusion in mouth-breathing children.
Article in Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Interdisciplinary Approach: Presentation of the Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnostic Examination Form (POSADEF).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Guideline
- Randomized controlled trial of Shikani optical stylet's one-person technique in nasotracheal intubation for children undergoing dental treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Functional appliances and airway in class II malocclusion : An umbrella review and re-analysis of three meta-analyses.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Review
- A hidden risk factor for residual mouth breathing in children after adenotonsillectomy: airborne allergen sensitization.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Components of Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review of Post-Treatment Stability.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome in Children with Orofacial Malocclusion in Bengaluru Urban District: An Observational Study.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2026Article
- Mouth Breathing and Craniofacial Development in Children: A Systematic Narrative Review and Clinical Implications.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evaluating upper airway in orthodontics via 3D UX-Net model on CBCT scans.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Multidimensional analysis of the impact of adenoid hypertrophy on pediatric dentofacial and airway structures and construction of a diagnostic model.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Comparison between traditional and digital anterior repositioning splints on the upper airway in skeletal class II malocclusion with TMJ degenerative disease.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Morphological Study of the Characteristics of Lips in Children With Mouth Breathing.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- The influence of different tonsillar hypertrophy types on dentofacial and craniofacial development in children with mixed dentition.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of masseter muscle thickness of mouth breathing patients using ultrasonography.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Assessment of Tonsillar Hypertrophy, Tongue Position, Obesity, and Dentofacial Deformities among Children Aged 8-12 Years.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2025Article
- [Research progress on the influence of oral breathing on the growth and development of children's dental and maxillofacial region].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Review
- Open Mouth Posture Syndrome (OMPS): Classification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Age-group-specific associations between adenoid/tonsillar hypertrophy and craniofacial features.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Oral Habits in Childhood and Occlusal Pathologies: A Cohort Study.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the association between upper airway obstruction and occlusal anomalies in mouth-breathing children.
methods356 mouth-breathing children were evaluated by ENT physicians and specialists in orthodontics. ENT examination included nasal endoscopy to assess the adenoidal hypertrophy, tonsillar grading and presence of nasal septum deviation. Clinical orthodontic examination was performed to record occlusal variables. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to study the association between registered variables.
results221 patients (mean age ± sd = 6.2 ± 2.5 years) met inclusion criteria. 81.4% of children presented malocclusion. A significant association between tonsillar grade 2 and the presence of malocclusion, Class II relation and increased overjet was shown. Tonsillar grade 4 showed a significant association with the presence of malocclusion and increased overjet. Adenoidal hypertrophy and nasal septum deviation did not show any association with occlusal findings.
conclusionsA high frequency of orthodontic problems was seen in mouth-breathing children. Our results suggested that severe tonsillar hypertrophy may determine presence of malocclusion and increased overjet. On the other hand, the association between mild tonsillar hypertrophy and many occlusal anomalies in mouth-breathers suggest an important role of malocclusion in the onset of oral breathing in children.
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