ArticleGenes & genomics2021
Comparative analysis of human facial skin microbiome between topical sites compared to entire face.
Article in Genes & genomics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Bacterial Landscape of Facial Skin: From Homeostasis to Skin Conditions.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- From acidification to multi-targeted cellular modulation: dual impact of hydroxy acids on the skin microbiota and the epidermal barrier.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Skin microbiome-biophysical association: a first integrative approach to classifying Korean skin types and aging groups.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The facial microbiome and metabolome across different geographic regions.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Comparison of microbial molecular diagnosis efficiency within unstable template metagenomic DNA samples between qRT-PCR and chip-based digital PCR platforms.Genomics & informatics · 2023Article
- Oral and Topical Probiotics and Postbiotics in Skincare and Dermatological Therapy: A Concise Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Influence of Sex on the Microbiota of the Human Face.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Shotgun metagenomic sequencing reveals skin microbial variability from different facial sites.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSkin is an essential outer barrier and supports the growth of commensal microorganisms that protects a host from the offense of foreign toxic organisms. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based applications, skin microbiome research for facial health care has reached industry growth, such as therapy and cosmetic product development. Despite the acceleration of skin microbiome research, experimental standardization protocol has not yet been established in the facial site and method of sampling.
objectiveThus, we aimed to investigate the differences in microbial composition at each facial site (cheek, mouth, forehead, and entire face) using comprehensive microbiome analysis.
methodsTwelve specimens from three men (four specimens per one person) were collected. The hypervariable regions (V3-V4) of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were targeted for 16S amplicon library construction and classification of bacterial taxonomy. Skin microbial composition for all specimens was investigated, and the differences site-by-site in skin microbial composition were analyzed and evaluated by the various statistical tests.
resultsWe were able to validate the independent correlation between the skin microbiome composition and the facial sites. The cheek site showed the highest alpha-diversity in richness and evenness scores compared to the forehead and mouth. The cheek and mouth sites showed a positive correlation (R
conclusionOur study suggests that skin microbiome profiling of four facial sites confirms that the cheek shows the most similar skin flora with the entire face. This study would be informative for preventing bias caused by sampling methods before researching and understanding skin cosmetics development or skin diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.