ArticleHealth economics review2021
Hospitalization budget impact during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
Article in Health economics review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Costs of inpatient care and out-of-pocket payments for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Economic costs related to coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic literature review.Science progressPooled it
- Costs of hospital stays in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative analysis between cancer and non-cancer patients.BMC health services research · 2026Observational
- The economic impact of COVID-19: a comparative cost analysis of ICU hospitalizations before and during the pandemic.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Implementing Symptom-Based Predictive Models for Early Diagnosis of Pediatric Respiratory Viral Infections.Viruses · 2025Article
- Direct medical cost of adult Covid-19 ınpatients and ıts determinants at a university hospital.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanical ventilation as a major driver of COVID-19 hospitalization costs: a costing study in a German setting.Health economics review · 2024Article
- Article
- Characteristics associated with high hospital spending over 1 year among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in the USA: a cohort study.BMJ public health · 2023Article
- Pediatric unit spending in the North of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- [IMPULSE Study: Impact of COVID-19 in the present of ophthalmology focusing on ocular surface and future trends].Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia · 2023Article
- A Novel Approach to Obtain Vaccine Effectiveness Continuous Profiles. Example Case: COVID-19 in Elderly Mexicans.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Analysis of electronic health records from three distinct and large populations reveals high prevalence and biases in the co-administration of drugs known to interact.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of early soluble urokinase plasminogen receptor plasma-guided anakinra treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia: A subgroup analysis of the SAVE-MORE randomised trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Clinical and economic impact of COVID-19 on people with obesity in a Spanish cohort during the first pandemic peak.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Observational
- Advancing pharmacogenetic testing in a tertiary hospital: a retrospective analysis after 10 years of activity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Analysis of Healthcare Costs Incurred in Regional Hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Associations between Physical Activity Level and Health Services Use in Spanish Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim was to determine the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Spain's health budget.
methodsBudget impact analyses based on retrospective data from patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) admitted to a Spanish hospital between February 26 and May 21, 2020. Direct medical costs from the perspective of the hospital were calculated. We analyzed diagnostic tests, drugs, medical and nursing care, and isolation ward and ICU stays for three cohorts: patients seen in the emergency room only, hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and patients who tested negative.
resultsThe impact on the hospital's budget for the 3 months was calculated at €15,633,180, 97.4% of which was related to health care and hospitalization. ICU stays accounted for 5.3% of the total costs. The mean cost per patient was €10,744. The main costs were staffing costs (10,131 to 11,357 €/patient for physicians and 10,274 to 11,215 €/patient for nurses). Scenario analysis showed that the range of hospital expenditure was between €14,693,256 and €16,524,924. The median impact of the pandemic on the Spanish health budget in the sensitivity analysis using bootstrapped individual data was €9357 million (interquartile range [IQR], 9071 to 9689) for the conservative scenario (113,588 hospital admissions and 11,664 ICU admissions) and €10,385 million (IQR, 110,030 to 10,758) for the worst-case scenario (including suspected cases).
conclusionThe impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish public health budget (12.3% of total public health expenditure) is greater than multiple sclerosis, cancer and diabetes cost.
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