ArticleHuman reproduction (Oxford, England)2021
Effects of COVID-19 and mRNA vaccines on human fertility.
Article in Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Sperm Quality: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the outcome ofFrontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Semen parameters and sex hormones as affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review.Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Grocery store workers' knowledge, attitudes, and barriers influencing uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in the United States: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2024Article
- Fertility in a Pandemic: Evidence from California.Population and development review · 2024Article
- COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination does not affect basal sex hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol) in reproductive-age women.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Birth rate decline in the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of policy interventions, vaccination programmes, and economic uncertainty.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on human fertility: a post-pandemic literature review.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
- Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Factors Related to Low COVID-19 Vaccination Rate in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with and without COVID-19.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2023Article
- Psychological capital and alienation among patients with COVID-19 infection: the mediating role of social support.Virology journal · 2023Article
- The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Status of and perspectives on COVID-19 vaccination after lifting of the dynamic zero-COVID policy in China.Global health & medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy: A Literature Review of Current Therapeutic Choices.Viruses · 2023Review
- The COVID-19 Vaccines International Pregnancy Exposure Registry (C-VIPER): Protocol and Methodological Considerations.Drug safety · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccine concerns of health care providers and ancillary staff.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to?Vaccines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has precipitated a global health crisis of unprecedented proportions. Because of its severe impact, multiple COVID-19 vaccines are being rapidly developed, approved and manufactured. Among them, mRNA vaccines are considered as ideal candidates with special advantages to meet this challenge. However, some serious adverse events have been reported after their application, significantly increasing concerns about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines and doubts about the necessity of vaccination. Although several fertility societies have announced that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are unlikely to affect fertility, there is no denying that the current evidence is very limited, which is one of the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in the population, especially in pregnant women. Herein, we provide an in-depth discussion on the involvement of the male and female reproductive systems during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination. On one hand, despite the low risk of infection in the male reproductive system or fetus, COVID-19 could pose an enormous threat to human reproductive health. On the other hand, our review indicates that both men and women, especially pregnant women, have no fertility problems or increased adverse pregnancy outcomes after vaccination, and, in particular, the benefits of maternal antibodies transferred through the placenta outweigh any known or potential risks. Thus, in the case of the rapid spread of COVID-19, although further research is still required, especially a larger population-based longitudinal study, it is obviously a wise option to be vaccinated instead of suffering from serious adverse symptoms of virus infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.