ArticleAdvanced therapeutics2021
Engineering Strategies for Immunomodulatory Cytokine Therapies - Challenges and Clinical Progress.
Article in Advanced therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering cytokines for cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Targeting cytokine/chemokine signaling to convert immunologically cold tumors into hot: Emerging strategies in cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Cotargeting TREM2 and IL2 pathways triggers multipronged anticancer immunity.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Rewiring tumor cytokine networks to enhance immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, engineering, and clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- IL-12-releasing nanoparticles for effective immunotherapy of metastatic ovarian cancer.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Editorial: Role of gamma delta T cells in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Investigation of the immunoregulatory mechanisms of total saponins from black ginseng.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- From Genetic Engineering to Preclinical Safety: A Study on Recombinant Human Interferons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- TNF-α and IFN-γ differentially regulate AML cell susceptibility to CD70-antibody-mediated cytotoxicity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Recombinant LAB vector engineered to secrete chicken IFN-λ3 induces an early but sustained activation of antiviral host responses against AIV infection.Poultry science · 2025Article
- A novel pregabalin functionalized salicylaldehyde derivative loaded mesoporous silica nano scaffold: a prospective carrier for targeting inflammatory cytokine storm.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Trained immunity: induction of an inflammatory memory in disease.Cell research · 2025Review
- Localised delivery of interleukin-13 from a PLGA microparticle embedded GelMA hydrogel improves functional and histopathological recovery in a mouse contusion spinal cord injury model.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- High-Throughput De Novo Protein Design Yields Novel Immunomodulatory Agonists.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Geometric Tuning of Cytokine Receptor Association Modulates Synthetic Agonist Signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Emerging Therapeutic and Inflammation Biomarkers: The Role of Meteorin-Like (Metrnl) and Follistatin-Like 1 (FSTL1) in Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ultrasonic assisted three-phase partitioning extraction and bioactivities validation of polysaccharides fromFood chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines are immunoregulatory proteins involved in many pathological states with promising potential as therapeutic agents. A diverse array of cytokines have been studied in preclinical disease models since the 1950s, some of which became successful biopharmaceutical products with the advancement of recombinant protein technology in the 1980s. However, following these early approvals, clinical translation of these natural immune signaling molecules has been limited due to their pleiotropic action in many cell types, and the fact that they have evolved to act primarily locally in tissues. These characteristics, combined with poor pharmacokinetics, have hindered the delivery of cytokines via systemic administration routes due to dose-limiting toxicities. However, given their clinical potential and recent clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy, cytokines continue to be extensively pursued in preclinical and clinical studies, and a range of molecular and formulation engineering strategies are being applied to reduce treatment toxicity while maintaining or enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a brief background on the characteristics of cytokines and their history as clinical therapeutics, followed by a deeper discussion on the engineering strategies developed for cytokine therapies with a focus on the translational relevance of these approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.