ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Interferon Genes Are Influenced by 17β-Estradiol in SLE.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives on Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation, Chemotaxis, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Stress.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Estrogen Induced Regulation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Asthma.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Aberrant STAT3 activation and overproduction of IL-21 in systemic lupus erythematosus: role of miR-155 and miR-21 in target genesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex Bias in Autoimmunity: New Findings and New Opportunities.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2025Review
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Threading the Needle: Navigating Novel Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Cellular and molecular determinants mediating the dysregulated germinal center immune dynamics in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Reproductive aging in biological females: mechanisms and immediate consequences.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Liraglutide enhances the effect of checkpoint blockade in lung and liver cancers through the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps.FEBS open bio · 2024Article
- Psoriasis and Lupus Erythematosus-Similarities and Differences between Two Autoimmune Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The conneXion between sex and immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Leveraging Lymphatic System Targeting in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improved Clinical Outcomes.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- FGL1-LAG3 axis impairs IL-10-Producing regulatory T cells associated with Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Involvement of Gut Microbiota in SLE and Lupus Nephritis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Sex hormone influence on female-biased autoimmune diseases hints at puberty as an important factor in pathogenesis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Investigating sex differences in T regulatory cells from cisgender and transgender healthy individuals and patients with autoimmune inflammatory disease: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2022Article
- Sex bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: a molecular insight.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2022Review
- Identification and Contribution of Inflammation-Induced Novel MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests the existence of a nexus between inflammatory pathways and the female sex hormone 17β-estradiol, resulting in increased interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), autoantibodies, and dysregulation of immune cells in SLE. However, the molecular mechanisms and the effect of estradiol on candidate target genes and their pathways remains poorly understood. Our previous work suggests that female SLE patients have increased estradiol levels compared to healthy controls. In the present study, we explored the effects of 17β-estradiol treatment on expression of IFN (interferons)-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. We found significantly increased (5-10-fold) expression of IFN-regulated genes in healthy females. Furthermore, we found significantly increased plasma levels of IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, stem cell factor (SCF), and IL-21/IL-23 in SLE patients compared to healthy controls, and those levels positively correlated with the plasma levels of 17β-estradiol. In addition, levels of IL-21 positively correlated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score of SLE patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.