Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34732856›Full record

ArticleProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2022

Survival by race in men with chemotherapy-naive enzalutamide- or abiraterone-treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Daniel J George, Krishnan Ramaswamy, Ahong Huang, David Russell, Jack Mardekian, Neil M Schultz, Nora Janjan, Stephen J Freedland

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Race and Outcomes to [Cancers · 2025
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  19. Disparities With Systemic Therapies for Black Men Having Advanced Prostate Cancer: Where Do We Stand?Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Daniel J GeorgeDuke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. daniel.george@duke.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0836-8542
Krishnan RamaswamyPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0890-0268
Ahong HuangFomerly of STATinMED Research, Plano, TX, USA.
David RussellPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Jack MardekianPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4851-5161
Neil M SchultzAstellas Pharma, Inc, Northbrook, IL, USA.
Nora JanjanSTATinMED Research, Plano, TX, USA.
Stephen J FreedlandDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Pfizer (United States) · USAstellas Pharma (United States) · USCedars-Sinai Medical Center · USDuke University · USGenomeDesigns Lab (United States) · USSTATinMED (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBlack men are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive prostate cancer (PC) and die from PC than white men. However, black men with metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) had longer overall survival (OS) than white men when treated with certain agents in clinical trials. We analyzed claims data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) database to evaluate OS in black and white men treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone (novel hormonal therapy [NHT]) for chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC.

methodsPatients with mCRPC aged ≥18 years were identified in the VHA database by diagnosis codes, evidence of surgical/medical castration, and a prescription claim for enzalutamide or abiraterone after castration from April 2014-March 2017. Cox models assessed associations between race and OS. Unadjusted and multivariable analyses were performed on the entire population and subsets based on the type of therapy received (if any) after NHT.

resultsIn total, 2910 patients were identified (787 black, mean 71.7 years; 2123 white, mean 74.0 years). Median follow-up was 19.0 and 18.7 months in blacks and whites, respectively. Black men had better survival versus white men: hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.790-0.996; P = 0.044) and 0.67 (0.592-0.758; P < 0.0001) in the unadjusted and multivariable models, respectively. Statistically significantly longer OS was seen in black versus white men regardless of subsequent treatment, including no subsequent treatment.

conclusionsIn the VHA, black men with chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC initiating NHT may have better outcomes than similarly treated white men.

Indexed as

Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantAdolescentAdultAndrostenesAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBenzamidesHumansMaleNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinTreatment OutcomeabirateroneAndrostenesBenzamidesenzalutamideNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoin

Identifiers

PMID34732856
PMCPMC9385484
OpenAlexW3209840104

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.