ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2022
Mechanism-based criteria to improve therapeutic outcomes in progressive multiple sclerosis.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Reporting quality and risk of bias of randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine for multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Periventricular gradient pathology is linked to ependymal reactivity and cell adhesion disruption in multiple sclerosis.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Immune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disorders.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid-induced oligodendrogliopathy in vitro and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Attenuates Neuroinflammatory Responses and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- The hypoxia-inflammation cycle as a key mechanism of smoldering inflammation and progression in multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Considerations Across Relapsing and Progressive Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigations of remibrutinib in models pertinent to multiple sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Engineered ETS1-Nanoconjugate Restores Immune Homeostasis through Dual Immune-Vascular Modulation in Relapsing and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- The effect of multiple sclerosis on functional status and sexual quality of life in female patients with multiple sclerosis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Huazhuo Decoction Contributes to Immune Homeostasis and Attenuates Neuronal Inflammation and Demyelination in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Study on the relationship between disease progression and changes in Th17/Treg levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Oxidized phosphatidylcholines deposition drives chronic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis via IL-1β signaling.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Their Association With Brain Tissue Atrophy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Reprogramming brain-resident macrophages: from disease drivers to therapeutic allies in neurological disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Angiogenesis and Hypoxia Biomarkers Are Dysregulated in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- AI-driven reclassification of multiple sclerosis progression.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Primary and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Cohort-Similar Progressive MS Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bruton Tyrosine Kinase in Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis and 3 of Its Models.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In contrast to the multiple disease-modifying therapies that are available for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic options for progressive MS (PMS) are limited. Recent advances in our understanding of the neuroimmunology of PMS, including the mechanisms that drive slowly expanding lesions, have fuelled optimism for improved treatment of this condition. In this Review, we highlight the commonly observed neuropathology of PMS and discuss the associated mechanisms of CNS injury. We then apply this knowledge to formulate criteria for therapeutic efficacy in PMS, beginning with the need for early treatment owing to the substantial neuropathology that is already present at the initial clinical presentation. Other requirements include: antagonism of neuroaxonal injury mediators such as pro-inflammatory microglia and lymphocytes; remediation of oxidative stress resulting from iron deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction; and promotion of neuroprotection through remyelination. We consider whether current disease-modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting MS meet the criteria for successful therapeutics in PMS and suggest that the evidence favours the early introduction of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators. Finally, we weigh up emerging medications, including repurposed generic medications and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, against these fundamental criteria. In this new therapeutic era in PMS, success depends collectively on understanding disease mechanisms, drug characteristics (including brain penetration) and rational use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.