ArticlePediatric research2022
Sex-specific relationships of the infant microbiome and early-childhood behavioral outcomes.
Article in Pediatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal Prenatal Stress and the Offspring Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Species Systematic Review.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Functional contribution of the intestinal microbiome in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome: a systematic review of pediatric and adult studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- The Gut Microbiome in Early Life Stress: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The relationship between the gut microbiota and neuropsychological development and behaviour during childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Distinct gut and oral microbiome patterns associated with dyslexia in a family-based cohort: A preliminary exploratory study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopmental disorders and the gut microbiome: insights into ADHD and tic disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome is associated with insula structure in neonates.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Microbial beginnings: determinants and disruptions of the neonatal microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The gut microbiome and child and adolescent depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis with youth consultation.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Using a neural network to derive early childhood neurodevelopmental profiles in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Home-ics: how experiences of the home impact biology and child neurodevelopmental outcomes.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Prospective association of the infant gut microbiome with social behaviors in the ECHO consortium.Molecular autism · 2024Article
- Cluster-specific associations between the gut microbiota and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged children.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Development of the gut microbiota in the first 14 years of life and its relations to internalizing and externalizing difficulties and social anxiety during puberty.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Gut Microbiome in the First One Thousand Days of Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review from the Microbiome Perspective.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Association of maternal postpartum depression symptoms with infant neurodevelopment and gut microbiota.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Methodological recommendations for human microbiota-gut-brain axis research.Microbiome research reports · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA link between the gut microbiome and behavior is hypothesized, but most previous studies are cross-sectional or in animal models. The modifying role of host sex is poorly characterized. We aimed to identify sex-specific prospective associations between the early-life gut microbiome and preschool-age neurobehavior.
methodsIn a prospective cohort, gut microbiome diversity and taxa were estimated with 16S rRNA sequencing at 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Species and gene pathways were inferred from metagenomic sequencing at 6 weeks and 1 year. When subjects were 3 years old, parents completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, second edition (BASC-2). A total of 260 children contributed 523 16S rRNA and 234 metagenomics samples to analysis. Models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsHigher diversity at 6 weeks was associated with better internalizing problems among boys, but not girls [β
conclusionsThis study advances our understanding of microbe-host interactions with implications for childhood behavioral health. IMPACT: This is one of the first studies to examine the early-life microbiome and neurobehavior, and the first to examine prospective sex-specific associations. Infant and early-childhood microbiomes relate to neurobehavior including anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and social behaviors in a time- and sex-specific manner. Our findings suggest future studies should evaluate whether host sex impacts the relationship between the gut microbiome and behavioral health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.