SynthesisDiabetes & metabolic syndrome
Thyroid disease and hypothyroidism are associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
Synthesis in Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid disorders and COVID-19: a comprehensive review of literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The prognostic values of thyroid disorders in predicting COVID-19 composite poor outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 2022Pooled it
- Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term risk of incident autoimmune thyroid disease after COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Familial Risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a Large Genealogical Database.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Assessing the Causal Association Between COVID-19 and Graves Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- In-Utero Maternal-to-Fetal Transmission of COVID-19: An Immunological and Virological Study in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients on antihypertensives: A cross-sectional study.World journal of critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of clinical profile, laboratory profile and outcome in COVID-19 patients with and without hypothyroidism.Ghana medical journal · 2024Observational
- Analyzing the Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection on Patients With Comorbidities: Insights From Hospital-Based Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Graves' Disease Exacerbation with Impending Thyroid Storm After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- Cytokine Storm-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Bronchodilator Response in Post-COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2024Article
- Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Patients with COVID-19 Infection in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2023Article
- An observational study on factors associated with ICU mortality in Covid-19 patients and critical review of the literature.Scientific reports · 2023Review
- The Association of Opium Abuse with Mortality Amongst Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Iranian Population.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2022Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Analysis of a Cohort of 1213 Patients in a Tertiary Healthcare Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) still becomes a global burden that affected people in different groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid disease and the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
methodThis was a meta-analysis study from articles obtained through a systematic literature search to investigate the relationship between thyroid disease and COVID-19 outcomes. Composite poor outcomes comprised of severity, mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospitalization.
resultsA total of 31339 patients from 21 studies included in this study. Thyroid disorder was associated with increased composite poor outcome (risk ratio (RR) 1.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53, 2.27], p < 0.001; I2 = 84%, p < 0.01), this included higher disease severity (RR 1.92 [1.40, 2.63], p < 0.05; I2 = 86%, p < 0.01), ICU admission (RR 1.61 [1.12, 2.32], p > 0.05; I2 = 32%, p < 0.05), mortality (RR 2.43 [1.44, 4.13], p < 0.05; I2 = 83%, p < 0.01), and hospitalization (RR 1.28 [1.17, 1.39], p < 0.05; I2 = 0%, p < 0.96). Meta-regression analysis indicated that age (p = 0.002) was a significant influence that affects the association. Also, the presence of unspecified thyroid disease (RR 1.91 [1.38, 2.65], p < 0.05; I2 = 81%, p < 0.01) and hypothyroidism (RR 1.90 [1.45, 2.55], p < 0.05; I2 = 85%, p < 0.01) during admission were associated with poor outcomes.
conclusionThyroid abnormalities increased the risk of COVID-19 composite poor outcomes and were influenced by the patient's age. Abnormal thyroid and hypothyroidism, but not hyperthyroidism, were associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes.
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Registered trials
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