Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34731526›Full record

ArticleJournal of occupational health2021

Effect of workplace dietary intervention on salt intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio of Japanese employees: A quasi-experimental study.

Keiko Sakaguchi, Yukari Takemi, Fumi Hayashi, Kaori Koiwai, Masakazu Nakamura

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of occupational health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Guideline
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Keiko SakaguchiNutrition Ecology, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado-shi, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-181X
Yukari TakemiNutrition Ecology, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado-shi, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-3115
Fumi HayashiNutrition Ecology, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado-shi, Japan.
Kaori KoiwaiPublic Health Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado-shi, Japan.
Masakazu NakamuraHealth Promotion Research Center, Institute of Community Medicine, Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Chiyoda ku, Japan.
Kagawa Nutrition University · JPJapan Association for Development of Community Medicine · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesExcess salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Modifying workplace environments has been recognized to be important for reducing salt intake. However, studies examining the effects of improving the workplace environment regarding salt reduction are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of workplace dietary intervention on employees' salt intake and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio.

methodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted. Two small business establishments in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, were allocated as the intervention (n = 69) and comparison (n = 68) workplaces, respectively. The 1-year intervention involving healthy lunch and nutrition education was implemented in the intervention workplace. Spot urine samples, physical assessments, and self-administered questionnaire data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after the start of the intervention. Analysis of covariance was conducted to investigate differences in the salt intake or Na/K ratio between the study workplaces at year 1. Educational status and rotating work schedules were included as covariates.

resultsSalt intake in the intervention workplace decreased significantly from 10.7 to 9.3 g (-1.4 g change; 95% confidence interval [CI]: "-2.4, -0.5"). The adjusted difference in changes in salt intake between workplaces was statistically significant (-3.7 g change; 95% CI: "-5.2, -2.3"). Although no significant change was observed in the Na/K ratio in the intervention workplace (3.37-3.08; -0.29 change; 95% CI: "-0.59, 0.01"), the adjusted difference in changes between the workplaces was statistically significant (-0.60 change; 95% CI: "-1.03, -0.17").

conclusionsProviding healthy lunch and nutrition education may be effective approaches to reduce employees' salt intake and Na/K ratio.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorHealth PromotionWorkplaceAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedPotassiumSelf ReportSodium Chloride, DietaryYoung AdultPotassiumSodium Chloride, Dietaryfood environmentnutrition educationsalt intakesodium-to-potassium ratiospot urineworkplace intervention

Identifiers

PMID34731526
PMCPMC8565653
OpenAlexW3210261526

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.