Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34731402›Full record

ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2023

Bedtime Routines of Young Children, Parenting Stress, and Bedtime Resistance: Mediation Models.

Kristy L Larsen, Lauren A Erp, Madeline Jordan, Sara S Jordan

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Sleep in Young Children With Autism, ADHD and Combined Presentations.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  3. Family vulnerability, disruption, and parent mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026
    Article
  4. Do psychological flexibility and interparental mutually responsive orientation reduce postpartum parenting stress and coparenting difficulties?Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2025
    Article
  5. Exploratory study of bedtime resistance in toddlers.European journal of pediatrics · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kristy L LarsenSchool of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5025, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA. kristy.larsen@usm.edu.
Lauren A ErpSchool of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5025, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.
Madeline JordanSchool of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5025, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.
Sara S JordanSchool of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5025, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined if inconsistent bedtime routines are a mechanism through which high levels of parenting stress are related to bedtime resistant behaviors. Bedtime resistant behavior is a common problem in young children. Although previous studies have linked parenting stress to problematic behaviors at bedtime, understanding how and why that may be has been subject to limited empirical investigation. Caregivers (N = 118) of a child age 2-5 were recruited on Amazon's mechanical turk. There was a significant indirect effect of parenting stress on bedtime resistance through bedtime routines as well as a significant indirect effect of bedtime routines on bedtime resistant behavior through parenting stress. These findings suggest that there is a bidirectional relationship between inconsistent routines and parenting stress. Clinically, these results suggest that implementing a consistent routine at bedtime may improve both parent (less stress) and child (less bedtime resistance) functioning.

Indexed as

ParentingSleepChildChild, PreschoolHumansParentsBedtime resistanceChildMediationParenting stressRoutines

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.