ArticlePloS one2021
Incidence of carditis and predictors of pacemaker implantation in patients hospitalized with Lyme disease.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Manifestations Documented in Patients with Lyme Disease: Clinical Presentation, Management Strategies, and Outcomes.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Article
- Long-term Cardiac Sequelae in Lyme Carditis: A Review.Current cardiology reviews · 2026Review
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lyme Carditis-A Case Series and Review of Literature.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- Review
- Associations of Atrioventricular Blocks and Other Arrhythmias in Patients with Lyme Carditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- Incidence of Lyme Carditis and Lyme Carditis as a Cause of Pacemaker Implantation: A Nationwide Registry-Based Case-Control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Lyme carditis and accelerated junctional rhythm with intermittent left bundle branch block and paroxysmal atrioventricular block.HeartRhythm case reports · 2024Article
- Successful permanent pacemaker explantation after diagnosis and treatment of Lyme carditis complete heart block: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2023Article
- Descriptive Data on Trends Among Patients Hospitalized With Lyme Disease in Southwest Michigan, 2017-2021.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Lyme Carditis in Patients with Atrioventricular Blocks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLyme carditis, defined as direct infection of cardiac tissue by Borrelia bacteria, affects up to 10% of patients with Lyme disease. The most frequently reported clinical manifestation of Lyme carditis is cardiac conduction system disease. The goal of this study was to identify the incidence and predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation in patients hospitalized with Lyme disease.
methodsA retrospective cohort analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient sample was performed to identify patients hospitalized with Lyme disease in the US between 2003 and 2014. Patients with Lyme carditis were defined as those hospitalized with Lyme disease who also had cardiac conduction disease, acute myocarditis, or acute pericarditis. Patients who already had pacemaker implants at the time of hospitalization (N = 310) were excluded from the Lyme carditis subgroup. The primary study outcome was permanent pacemaker implantation. Secondary outcomes included temporary cardiac pacing, permanent pacemaker implant, and in-hospital mortality.
resultsOf the 96,140 patients hospitalized with Lyme disease during the study period, 10,465 (11%) presented with Lyme carditis. Cardiac conduction system disease was present in 9,729 (93%) of patients with Lyme carditis. Permanent pacemaker implantation was performed in 1,033 patients (1% of all Lyme hospitalizations and 11% of patients with Lyme carditis-associated conduction system disease). Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation included older age (OR: 1.06 per 1 year; 95% CI:1.05-1.07; P<0.001), complete heart block (OR: 21.5; 95% CI: 12.9-35.7; P<0.001), and sinoatrial node dysfunction (OR: 16.8; 95% CI: 8.7-32.6; P<0.001). In-hospital mortality rate was higher in patients with Lyme carditis (1.5%) than in patients without Lyme carditis (0.5%).
conclusionsApproximately 11% of patients hospitalized with Lyme disease present with carditis, primarily in the form of cardiac conduction system disease. In this 12-year study, 1% of all hospitalized patients and 11% of those with Lyme-associated cardiac conduction system disease underwent permanent pacemaker implantation.
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