ArticleRevista de saude publica2021
Excess deaths from all causes and by COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020.
Article in Revista de saude publica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on the Indigenous Population of Brazil: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- COVID-19 Disease and Economic Burden to Healthcare Systems in Adults in Six Latin American Countries Before Nationwide Vaccination Program: Ministry of Health Database Assessment and Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Regional inequities in myocardial infarction burden in Brazil's public healthcare system.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Vaccination Coverage Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil's Indigenous Population.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Burden of disease and life expectancy decomposition in Brazil and its federated units, 1990-2023: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2023.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Exploring the trend of age-standardized mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in Malaysia: a joinpoint analysis (2010-2021).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer mortality in Brazil.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Accuracy of the Verbal Autopsy questionnaire in the diagnosis of COVID-19 deaths in a Brazilian capital.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess maternal deaths in Brazil: A two-year assessment.PloS one · 2024Article
- Evaluation of post-COVID mortality risk in cases classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome in Brazil: a longitudinal study for medium and long term.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020-2022.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Excess mortality in adults from Sao Paulo during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: analyses of all-cause and noncommunicable diseases mortality.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on total, sex- and age-specific all-cause mortality in 20 countries worldwide during 2020: results from the C-MOR project.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Global pattern and determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coverage and progression: a global ecological study.Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Can the Content of Social Networks Explain Epidemic Outbreaks?Population research and policy review · 2023Article
- Excess mortality from all causes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- ICU Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Mortality among Children and Adolescents Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Private Healthcare System.International journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- [COVID-19 mortality in metropolitan areas vs. other regions of Brazil, 2020 to 2021Mortalidad por COVID-19 en las regiones metropolitanas y en el interior de Brasil, 2020-2021].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the 2020 all-cause and COVID-19 excess mortality according to sex, age, race/color, and state, and to compare mortality rates by selected causes with that of the five previous years in Brazil.
methodsData from the Mortality Information System were used. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated from 2015 to 2019 data using a negative binomial log-linear model.
resultsExcess deaths in Brazil in 2020 amounted to 13.7%, and the ratio of excess deaths to COVID-19 deaths was 0.90. Reductions in deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases, and external causes, and an increase in ill-defined causes were all noted. Excess deaths were also found to be heterogeneous, being higher in the Northern, Center-Western, and Northeastern states. In some states, the number of COVID-19 deaths was lower than that of excess deaths, whereas the opposite occurred in others. Moreover, excess deaths were higher in men aged 20 to 59, and in black, yellow, or indigenous individuals. Meanwhile, excess mortality was lower in women, in individuals aged 80 years or older, and in whites. Additionally, deaths among those aged 0 to 19 were 7.2% lower than expected, with reduction in mortality from respiratory diseases and external causes. There was also a drop in mortality due to external causes in men and in those aged 20 to 39 years. Moreover, reductions in deaths from CVD and neoplasms were noted in some states and groups.
conclusionThere is evidence of underreporting of COVID-19 deaths and of the possible impact of restrictive measures in the reduction of deaths from external causes and respiratory diseases. The impacts of COVID-19 on mortality were heterogeneous among the states and groups, revealing that regional, demographic, socioeconomic, and racial differences expose individuals in distinct ways to the risk of death from both COVID-19 and other causes.
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Registered trials
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