Observational studyJournal of hospital medicine2021
Association of Healthcare Access With Intensive Care Unit Utilization and Mortality in Patients of Hispanic Ethnicity Hospitalized With COVID-19.
Observational study in Journal of hospital medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Disproportionate Impact of Structural and Cultural Factors on COVID-19 Outcomes in Hispanic Populations: A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Association Between Ethnicity and Mortality Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Mayo Clinic VIRUS Registry Cohort Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Digital Health Technology Use Among Spanish Speakers in the US: A Scoping Review.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Dissecting clinical features of COVID-19 in a cohort of 21,312 acute care patients.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and Regional Disparities Surrounding In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Evidence from NIS Sample in 2020.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- The Impact of Language on Hospital Outcomes for COVID-19 Patients: A Study of Non-English Speaking Hispanic Patients.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Demographic, social, and clinical aspects associated with access to COVID-19 health care in Pará province, Brazilian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Article
- COVID-19 infodemic and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: A multicentre, observational study.Journal of global health · 2023Observational
- Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Large, Nationwide Electronic Health Record Cohort Study in the United States.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Ethnic Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of risk factors and social determinants.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Multimorbidity and social determinants of health in the US prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for health outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES 2017-2018.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Evaluating Racial/Ethnic Differences in Care Escalation Among COVID-19 Patients in a Home-Based Hospital.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- COVID-19 stressors for Hispanic/Latino patients living with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2023Article
- Mortality by Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, U.S., 2017-2020.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- The association between non-English primary language and COVID-19 clinical trial eligibility and enrollment: A retrospective cohort study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Racism in Medicine:: Targeting Microaggressions in Delaware Healthcare (TMDH).Delaware journal of public health · 2022Article
- Lulled into a false sense of security: Mortality for vulnerable populations may remain elevated even during the lull between COVID-19 waves.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Medication Regimen Complexity Score as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in the Critically Ill.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial and ethnic minority groups in the United States experience a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 deaths.
objectiveTo evaluate whether outcome differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic COVID-19 hospitalized patients exist and, if so, to identify the main malleable contributing factors. DESIGN, SETTING,
participantsRetrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of 6097 adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized within a single large healthcare system from March to November 2020. EXPOSURES: Self-reported ethnicity and primary language. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Clinical outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and in-hospital death. We used age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and multivariable analysis to evaluate the associations between ethnicity/language groups and outcomes.
results32.1% of patients were Hispanic, 38.6% of whom reported a non-English primary language. Hispanic patients were less likely to be insured, have a primary care provider, and have accessed the healthcare system prior to the COVID-19 admission. After adjusting for age, Hispanic inpatients experienced higher ICU utilization (non-English-speaking: OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.47-2.08; English-speaking: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.95-1.33) and higher mortality (non-English-speaking: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; English-speaking: OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.98) compared to non-Hispanic inpatients. There were no observed treatment disparities among ethnic groups. After adjusting for age, Hispanic inpatients had elevated disease severity at admission (non-English-speaking: OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.89-2.72; English-speaking: OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.10- 1.61). In multivariable analysis, the associations between ethnicity/language and clinical outcomes decreased after considering baseline disease severity (P < .001).
conclusionThe associations between ethnicity and clinical outcomes can be explained by elevated disease severity at admission and limited access to healthcare for Hispanic patients, especially non-English-speaking Hispanics.
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