Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34729638›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2022

Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of 19 Patients Undergoing Clitoral and Labial Reconstruction After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting.

Adrienne N Christopher, Sammy Othman, Martin P Morris, Robyn B Broach, Ivona Percec

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Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Adrienne N ChristopherDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, South Tower, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. anc008@jefferson.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9828-507X
Sammy OthmanDrexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Martin P MorrisDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, South Tower, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Robyn B BroachDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, South Tower, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Ivona PercecDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, South Tower, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
University of Pennsylvania · USDrexel University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFemale genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is the intentional alteration, removal, or injury of female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Approximately 200 million females have been victims of FGM/C, and genital reconstructive procedures are increasing in demand.

objectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess clinical and patient-reported outcomes after FGM/C reconstruction to help guide treatment practices.

methodsAdult patients undergoing anatomic reconstruction after FGM/C were retrospectively identified. Outcomes included clitoral, labial, and donor site surgical site occurrences (SSO) and the need for revision operations. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using an adapted version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a validated outcomes instrument that assesses sexual function through 6 domains, with each domain having a maximum score of 6.

resultsNineteen patients were identified in our review. Patients presented for reconstruction due to dyspareunia, inability to orgasm, chronic infections, to normalize appearance, and/or to "feel normal." There were no SSOs and two revision operations for adhesions. 74% of patients completed the FSFI postoperatively. Despite most patients seeking repair for inability to orgasm and/or dyspareunia, the median scores for these domains were 4.6 and 5.2. Patients' desire to engage in sexual activity scored lowest (3.9), and patients reported concerns over the appearance of their genitalia (50%) that affected self-confidence (85.7%).

conclusionFGM/C reconstruction is safe and contributes to improvements in physical sexual health. Psychological trauma may contribute to lessened sexual desire and self-confidence even after reconstruction. Multidisciplinary treatment is important to address the long-term psychological effects of this practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

Circumcision, FemalePlastic Surgery ProceduresAdultClitorisFemaleHumansPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresRetrospective StudiesClitoral reconstructionFemale genital mutilationFunctional outcomesLabial reconstructionPatient-reported outcomes

Identifiers

PMID34729638
OpenAlexW3208787623

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.