ArticleACS central science2021
In Vivo Measurement of Granzyme Proteolysis from Activated Immune Cells with PET.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in ACS central science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07481136 (A Phase I PET Imaging Study of 64Cu-GRIP B, a Radiotracer Targeting Granzyme B, in Patients With Acute Myocarditis), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
NCT07481136 phase1not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation
A Phase I PET Imaging Study of 64Cu-GRIP B, a Radiotracer Targeting Granzyme B, in Patients With Acute Myocarditis
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Cytotoxic T-Cell Effector Function with Granzyme B PET: Translational Advances Toward Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Bioorthogonal Fluorogenic Reporters for Noninvasive Imaging and Urinalysis of Immunotherapeutic Response in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Identifying Negative Biomarkers of CD4 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes via Granzyme B Exclusion Analysis.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- A Prodrug Strategy to Conditionally Trap Therapeutic Payloads for Improved Tumor Retention.ACS central science · 2026Article
- Development of Cathepsin B‑Activatable Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Tumor Targeting.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Protease-Activated Plasmonic Nanosensors for Predictive Ultrasound-Guided Photoacoustic Imaging of Tumor Responses to Adoptive T Cell Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Imaging Immunotherapy.Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer · 2026Review
- The application and prospect of granzyme B-targeted PET imaging in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Chemical probes for enzyme imaging: challenges in design, synthesis and biomedical applications.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Granzyme B-Targeting Quenched Activity-Based Probes for Assessing Tumor Response to Immunotherapy.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Identifying protease-activated targets and exploring therapeutic applications.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2025Review
- Efficient colorimetric assay promotes the virtual screen of granzyme B inhibitors.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Approaches to Imaging Immune Activation Using PET.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- AND-gated protease-activated nanosensors for programmable detection of anti-tumour immunity.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Radiopharmaceuticals and their applications in medicine.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Stimuli-responsive linkers and their application in molecular imaging.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Review
- Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Biomolecule Transportation in Artificial Lipid Vesicles and Living Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Making the effect visible - OX40 targeting nanobodies forFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Ning ZhaoDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-3369
Conner BardineDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-2944
André Luiz LourençoDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
Yung-Hua WangDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
Yangjie HuangDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
Simon J ClearyDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
David M WilsonDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-046X
David Y OhDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
Lawrence FongDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
Mark R LooneyDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.
Michael J EvansDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-1316
Charles S CraikDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-9185
University of California, San Francisco · US
Funding
Determinants of response to cancer immunotherapyR35CA253175 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Lawrence Fong · 2021 to 2026
$5.8MPrecision targeting of T cell cytotoxicity with PETR01CA258297 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI AGGARWAL, RAHUL, CRAIK, CHARLES SCOTT · 2021 to 2025
$3.1MNew radiotracer development to study immune cell mobilization of granzyme proteolytic activityR01AI161027 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CRAIK, CHARLES SCOTT, EVANS, MICHAEL JOHN · 2021 to 2024
$2.8MDevelopment of 11C-PABA as a bacteria-specific imaging agent for spinal infectionsR01EB025985 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JAIN, SANJAY, WILSON, DAVID M · 2018 to 2021
$2.7MDevelopment of a translational imaging tool as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapiesR01EB025207 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI EVANS, MICHAEL JOHN · 2018 to 2021
$2.3MClinical translation of D-amino acid derived PET tracers for imaging spinalinfectionR01EB024014 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI OHLIGER, MICHAEL, WILSON, DAVID M · 2017 to 2020
$2.2MNCI NIH HHS R01 CA258297NCI NIH HHS R35 CA253175NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI161027NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB024014NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB025207NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB025985
Abstract
The biology of human granzymes remains enigmatic in part due to our inability to probe their functions outside of in vitro assays or animal models with divergent granzyme species. We hypothesize that the biology of human granzymes could be better elaborated with a translational imaging technology to reveal the contexts in which granzymes are secreted and biochemically active in vivo. Here, we advance toward this goal by engineering a Granzyme targeting Restricted Interaction Peptide specific to family member B (GRIP B) to measure secreted granzyme B (GZMB) biochemistry with positron emission tomography. A proteolytic cleavage of
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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT07481136ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.