ArticleDiabetes care2022
The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in Diabetes Management on Clinical Outcomes: A Reinforcement Learning Analysis of Health Inequity Among Youth and Young Adults in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equity of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Children and Young People With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Pooled it
- Diabetes distress among caregivers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2025Trial
- Tailoring interventions to close gaps in diabetes mellitus care.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Building the evidence to address disparities in type 1 diabetes (BEAD-T1D): methods and design of a study examining barriers and promoters to diabetes device use in families with public insurance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Experience of Discrimination Impacts Technology Readiness and Psychosocial States of Minoritized Families Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From the BEAD-T1D Pilot Study.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in the development of diabetes-related complications: narrative review of the roles of ancestry and geographical determinants.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Human iPSC-derived salivary gland organoids model diabetic salivary gland dysfunction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Does the OP5 Automated Insulin Delivery System Close the Gap in Glycemic Control Between White and Black Youth with Type 1 Diabetes?Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Ethnic disparities in HbA1c and hypoglycemia among youth with type 1 diabetes: beyond access to technology, social deprivation and mean blood glucose.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Observational
- Racial and ethnic disparities in preventive care among adults with type 1 diabetes: findings from the 2022 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hemoglobin A1c and Height Trends in Latin American Children with Type 1 Diabetes Onset over 3 Years: A Multicenter Study.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2024Article
- Role of Leptin in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Making a Good Thing Even Better: Expanding Access and Applicability of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems to Benefit All Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Disparities in Hemoglobin A1c Levels in the First Year After Diagnosis Among Youths With Type 1 Diabetes Offered Continuous Glucose Monitoring.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Race- and Neighborhood-Related Disparities Spanning the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trajectories of Combined Glycemic Control and BMI in Youth With Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- A Longitudinal View of Disparities in Insulin Pump Use Among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Reduced Costly Diabetes-Related Events in Adolescents and Young Adults despite Lack of Short-Term Reduction in Hemoglobin A1c.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Article
- Real-World Glycemic Improvements with Hybrid Closed Loop Pumps in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate difference in population-level glycemic control and the emergence of diabetes complications given a theoretical scenario in which non-White youth and young adults (YYA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receive and follow an equivalent distribution of diabetes treatment regimens as non-Hispanic White YYA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsLongitudinal data from YYA diagnosed 2002-2005 in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study were analyzed. Based on self-reported race/ethnicity, YYA were classified as non-White race or Hispanic ethnicity (non-White subgroup) versus non-Hispanic White race (White subgroup). In the White versus non-White subgroups, the propensity score models estimated treatment regimens, including patterns of insulin modality, self-monitored glucose frequency, and continuous glucose monitoring use. An analysis based on policy evaluation techniques in reinforcement learning estimated the effect of each treatment regimen on mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the prevalence of diabetes complications for non-White YYA.
resultsThe study included 978 YYA. The sample was 47.5% female and 77.5% non-Hispanic White, with a mean age of 12.8 ± 2.4 years at diagnosis. The estimated population mean of longitudinal average HbA1c over visits was 9.2% and 8.2% for the non-White and White subgroup, respectively (difference of 0.9%). Within the non-White subgroup, mean HbA1c across visits was estimated to decrease by 0.33% (95% CI -0.45, -0.21) if these YYA received the distribution of diabetes treatment regimens of the White subgroup, explaining ∼35% of the estimated difference between the two subgroups. The non-White subgroup was also estimated to have a lower risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and peripheral neuropathy with the White youth treatment regimen distribution (P < 0.05), although the low proportion of YYA who developed complications limited statistical power for risk estimations.
conclusionsMathematically modeling an equalized distribution of T1D self-management tools and technology accounted for part of but not all disparities in glycemic control between non-White and White YYA, underscoring the complexity of race and ethnicity-based health inequity.
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