ArticleBMJ open2021
Examining the pathways by which work-life balance influences safety culture among healthcare workers in Taiwan: path analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey on patient safety culture among hospital staff.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Peak and Post-pandemic Period on Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes Toward Patient Safety Culture: A Comparative Study.Safety and health at work · 2026Article
- Professional competence development in the context of clinical uncertainty: a qualitative exploration of infection prevention and control nurses at a tertiary hospital in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Exploring the Determinants Impacting Work-Life Balance for General Nurses in Diverse Healthcare Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Clinical nurses' work-life balance prediction due to patient safety incidents using classification and regression tree analysis: a secondary data analysis.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Improving Patient Safety Culture During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the pathways by which work-life balance influences safety climate in hospital settings.
designA national cross-sectional survey on patient safety culture. SETTINGS: Healthcare workers from 56 hospitals in Taiwan, covering three work settings: intensive care units, operation rooms and emergency departments.
participants14 345 healthcare workers took part in the survey and were included in the present analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The Safety Attitudes, Maslach's Burn-out Inventory and Work-life balance questionnaires were used to measure patient safety culture, teamwork, leadership, emotional exhaustion and work-life balance. Path analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between work-life balance and safety climate. We tested for mediating and moderating factors influencing this relationship.
resultsThe path between work-life balance and safety climate was found to be significant (b=0.32, p<0.001) and explained through a serial mediation. This relationship was found to be mediated by emotional exhaustion followed by teamwork climate in a full mediation. Leadership factors such as identifying as a manager, moderated the indirect pathway between work-life balance and safety climate through teamwork climate (index of moderation: b=0.083, bias corrected 95% CI 0.044 to 0.120) but not through emotional exhaustion or the serial pathway. Subgroup analysis from non-managers on their perception of management was also found to moderate this relationship.
conclusionWe found work-life balance to be associated with safety climate through a fully mediated model. The mediation pathways are moderated by self-identified leadership and perceptions of leadership. Understanding the pathways on how work-life balance influences safety climate provides an explanatory model that can be used when designing effective interventions for implementation in system-based approaches to improve patient safety culture in hospital settings.
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