ReviewSeminars in immunology2021
Hallmarks of immune response in COVID-19: Exploring dysregulation and exhaustion.
Review in Seminars in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and safety of Toujie Quwen Granules in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: A prospective cohort study of 156 cases.Chinese herbal medicines · 2026Article
- Modulation of Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids by SARS-CoV-2 Variants Across Cancer Types: A Study Combining Morphology, Inflammation, and Whole-Exome Profiling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of Airborne Virus Transmission in the Built Environment: A Narrative Review.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Review
- Immune transcriptomic differences in paediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 compared to other lower respiratory tract infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory predictors of Post-COVID fatigue.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Challenges in the Immune System: Mesoscale and Mesoregime Complexity.Cancer innovation · 2025Article
- TIPE2 suppresses ferroptosis and pro-inflammatory polarization in macrophages triggered by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pediatric autoimmune diseases in the light of COVID-19 pandemic, A retrospective observational big data study.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Lower Plasma IL-32 Levels Linked to Better Survival in Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of neutrophil dynamics and disease in SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants utilizing anFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- BALB/c mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 β variant cause pathophysiological and neurological changes within the lungs and brains.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Serum Adiponectin Predicts COVID-19 Severity.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2.Vaccines · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Non-neutralizing functions in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.Biomedical journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Advancing insights in critical COVID-19: unraveling lymphopenia through propensity score matching - Findings from the Multicenter LYMPH-COVID Study.Critical care science · 2024Article
- High frequencies of alpha common cold coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive functional CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Persistence of circulating CD169+monocytes and HLA-DR downregulation underline the immune response impairment in PASC individuals: the potential contribution of different COVID-19 pandemic waves.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One and half year following the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts from laboratories all over the world generated a huge amount of data describing the prototypical features of immunity in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Review, we rationalize and organize the main observations, trying to define a "core" signature of immunity in COVID-19. We identified six hallmarks describing the main alterations occurring in the early infection phase and in the course of the disease, which predispose to severe illness. The six hallmarks are dysregulated type I IFN activity, hyperinflammation, lymphopenia, lymphocyte impairment, dysregulated myeloid response, and heterogeneous adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation and exhaustion came out as the trait d'union, connecting abnormalities affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cellular responses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.