ReviewCancer cell international2021
Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies.
Review in Cancer cell international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Creatine Supplementation in Preclinical Models Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of sintilimab in the treatment of sqNSCLC.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Advances in cancer immunotherapy: historical perspectives, current developments, and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of immunotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Tumor Stroma of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Complex Environment That Fuels Cancer Progression.Cancers · 2024Review
- Hypoxia inducible factor-1ɑ as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma metastasis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Heterogeneous immune landscapes and macrophage dynamics in primary and lung metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- [Advances in Predictive Research of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Adverse Events].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2023Article
- ARPC5 acts as a potential prognostic biomarker that is associated with cell proliferation, migration and immune infiltrate in gliomas.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Molecular biomarkers for facilitating genome‑directed precision medicine in gynecological cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2023Review
- Article
- MUTYH is a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor 9 agonists and combination therapies: strategies to modulate the tumour immune microenvironment for systemic anti-tumour immunity.British journal of cancer · 2022Review
- Study of PD-1 Customization and Autoimmune T Cells for Advanced Colorectal Cancer with High MSI Expression.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Article
- Immune subtype identification and multi-layer perceptron classifier construction for breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Heterogeneity of Primary and Lymph Node Metastatic Tumors and Immune Cell Populations and Discovers Important Prognostic Significance of CCDC43 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A Novel Four-Gene Prognostic Signature for Prediction of Survival in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma.Cancers · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most extensively utilized ICIs are targeting the pathways involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). PD-1, as an crucial immune inhibitory molecule, by and large reasons the immune checkpoint response of T cells, making tumor cells get away from immune surveillance. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is exceptionally expressed in most cancers cells and approves non-stop activation of the PD-1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block the combination of PD-1 and PD-L1, inhibit hostile to regulatory signals, and restore the activity of T cells, thereby bettering immune response. The current researchers assume that the efficacy of these drugs is related to PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other emerging biomarkers. Although malignant tumors can benefit from the immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, formulating a customized medication model and discovering biomarkers that can predict efficacy are the new trend in the new era of malignant tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, their clinical outcomes on various malignant tumors, their efficacy biomarkers, as well as predictive markers of irAEs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.