Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34727523›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2021

Transcriptional and anatomical diversity of medium spiny neurons in the primate striatum.

Jing He, Michael Kleyman, Jianjiao Chen, Aydin Alikaya, Kathryn M Rothenhoefer, Bilge Esin Ozturk, Morgan Wirthlin, Andreea C Bostan, Kenneth Fish, Leah C Byrne and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Nucleus accumbens medial shell D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons signal the valence of conditioned stimuli in a sex-dependent manner.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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  14. Divergent Roles of Nucleus Accumbens D1- and D2-MSNs in Regulating Hedonic Feeding.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
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  20. Review

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jing HeDepartment of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Michael KleymanDepartment of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Jianjiao ChenDepartment of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Aydin AlikayaDepartment of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Kathryn M RothenhoeferDepartment of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Bilge Esin OzturkDepartment of Ophthalmology, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Morgan WirthlinDepartment of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Andreea C BostanDepartment of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Kenneth FishDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Leah C ByrneDepartment of Ophthalmology, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Andreas R PfenningDepartment of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: apfenning@cmu.edu.
William R StaufferDepartment of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: wrs@pitt.edu.
University of Pittsburgh · USCenter for the Neural Basis of Cognition · US

Funding

A Massive Library of AAVs to Target Transcriptionally-Defined Primate Cell TypesUG3MH120094 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI STAUFFER, WILLIAM RICHARD · 2019 to 2021
$5.8M
A Massive Library of AAVs to Target Transcriptionally-Defined Primate Cell TypesUH3MH120094 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI STAUFFER, WILLIAM RICHARD · 2023 to 2024
$3.1M
Interpreting the regulatory mechanisms underlying the predisposition to substance use disordersDP1DA046585 · NIDA · CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY · PI PFENNING, ANDREAS ROBERT · 2018 to 2022
$2.4M
Neural correlates of optimal value seeking in the reward systemDP2MH113095 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI STAUFFER, WILLIAM RICHARD · 2016 to 2016
$2.3M
Deciphering the GABA neuron alterations in schizophreniaR01MH119701 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI FISH, KENNETH N · 2019 to 2023
$2.2M
NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA046585NIMH NIH HHS DP2 MH113095NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119701NIMH NIH HHS UG3 MH120094NIMH NIH HHS UH3 MH120094
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) constitute the vast majority of striatal neurons and the principal interface between dopamine reward signals and functionally diverse cortico-basal ganglia circuits. Information processing in these circuits is dependent on distinct MSN types: cell types that are traditionally defined according to their projection targets or dopamine receptor expression. Single-cell transcriptional studies have revealed greater MSN heterogeneity than predicted by traditional circuit models, but the transcriptional landscape in the primate striatum remains unknown. Here, we set out to establish molecular definitions for MSN subtypes in Rhesus monkeys and to explore the relationships between transcriptionally defined subtypes and anatomical subdivisions of the striatum. Our results suggest at least nine MSN subtypes, including dorsal striatum subtypes associated with striosome and matrix compartments, ventral striatum subtypes associated with the nucleus accumbens shell and olfactory tubercle, and an MSN-like cell type restricted to μ-opioid receptor rich islands in the ventral striatum. Although each subtype was demarcated by discontinuities in gene expression, continuous variation within subtypes defined gradients corresponding to anatomical locations and, potentially, functional specializations. These results lay the foundation for achieving cell-type-specific transgenesis in the primate striatum and provide a blueprint for investigating circuit-specific information processing.

Indexed as

Corpus StriatumNeuronsAnimalsDopamineMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeostriatumPrimatesDopamineanatomical diversityFISHmedium spiny neuronsMSNsNHPNUDAPprimatesnRNA-seqstriatumtranscriptional diversity

Identifiers

PMID34727523
PMCPMC9359438
OpenAlexW3209131722

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.