ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2021
Imaging immune responses in neuroinflammatory diseases.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia heterogeneity in vascular dementia pathology.iScience · 2026Review
- Microglial activation as a hallmark of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In the first of a two-part special issue, leading researchers discuss how imaging modalities are used to monitor immune responses in several neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastoma and brain metastases. While comparative studies in humans between imaging and pathology are biased towards the end stage of disease, animal models can inform regarding how immune responses change with disease progression and as a result of treatment regimens. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are frequently used to image disease progression, and the articles indicate how one or more of these modalities have been applied to specific neuroimmune diseases. In addition, advanced microscopical imaging using two-dimensional photon microscopy and in vitro live cell imaging have also been applied to animal models. In this special issue (Parts 1 and 2), as well as the imaging modalities mentioned, several articles discuss biomarkers of disease and microscopical studies that have enabled characterization of immune responses. Future developments of imaging modalities should enable tracking of specific subsets of immune cells during disease allowing longitudinal monitoring of immune responses. These new approaches will be critical to more effectively monitor and thus target specific cell subsets for therapeutic interventions which may be applicable to a range of neurological diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.