Trial reportPublic health nutrition2022
Impact of front-of-pack labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink: a randomised experiment in five countries.
Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Warning: ultra-processed": an online experiment examining the impact of ultra-processed warning labels on consumers' product perceptions and behavioral intentions.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a Combined Front-of-Pack Nutrition Label and Nutrition Education Intervention on Healthier Choices of Freshly Prepared Beverages: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Directive vs. Reductive Front-of-Pack Labels: Differences in Italian Consumers' Responses to the Nutri-Score and the NutrInform Battery.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of front-of-package nutrition labels in Latine and limited English proficiency populations: A randomized trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Evaluating text, icon, and graphic nutrition labels: An eye tracking experiment with Latino adults in the US.Appetite · 2025Article
- Front-of-pack labeling and perceived nutritional quality in adults with and without chronic disease: results from a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- How Promising Are "Ultraprocessed" Front-of-Package Labels? A Formative Study with US Adults.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effects of front-of-package caffeine and sweetener disclaimers in Mexico: cross-sectional results from the 2020 International Food Policy Study.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- The Conceptual Framework for the International Food Policy Study: Evaluating the Population-Level Impact of Food Policy.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFront-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling is a globally recommended strategy to encourage healthier food choices. We evaluated the effect of FOP labels on the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink in an international sample of adult consumers.
designSix-arm randomised controlled experiment to examine the impact of FOP labels (no label control, Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA), Multiple Traffic Lights, the Health Star Ratings (HSR), Health Warning Labels, and 'High-in' Warning Labels (HIWL)) on the perceived healthfulness of the drink. Linear regression models by country examined healthfulness perceptions on FOP nutrition labels, testing for interactions by demographic characteristics.
settingOnline survey in 2018 among participants from Australia, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom (UK) and United States.
participantsAdults (≥18 years, n 22 140).
resultsCompared with control, HIWL had the greatest impact in lowering perceived healthfulness (β from -0·62 to -1·71) across all countries. The HIWL and the HSR had a similar effect in Australia. Other labels were effective in decreasing the perceived healthfulness of the drink within some countries only, but to a lower extent. The GDA did not reduce perceived healthfulness in most countries. In the UK, the effect of HIWL differed by age group, with greater impact among older participants (> 40 years). There were no other variations across key demographic characteristics.
conclusionsHIWL, which communicates clear, non-quantitative messages about high levels of nutrients of concern, demonstrated the greatest efficacy to decrease the perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink across countries. This effect was similar across demographic characteristics.
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Registered trials
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