Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34725947›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2021

Treatment patterns and survival in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer in the US Veterans Health Administration.

Stephen J Freedland, Rickard Sandin, Janvi Sah, Birol Emir, Qiao Mu, Anna Ratiu, Agnes Hong, Lucile Serfass, Scott T Tagawa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Efficacy and safety of darolutamideFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  13. Practice patterns and predictors of treatment intensification in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Treatment trends in patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer in the era of upfront combination therapy.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Stephen J FreedlandDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8104-6419
Rickard SandinPfizer AB, Sollentuna, Sweden.
Janvi SahSTATinMED Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Birol EmirPfizer Inc., New York, New York, USA.
Qiao MuSTATinMED Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Anna RatiuSTATinMED Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Agnes HongAstellas Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA.
Lucile SerfassPfizer Inc., Paris, France.
Scott T TagawaDivision of Hematology & Medical Oncology and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLimited real-world data exist on treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, using the Veterans Health Administration claims database (April 2013-March 2018). Among 369,734 prostate cancer patients, we selected all men who developed metastases within 90 days before or after medical/surgical castration and who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients were categorized into four cohorts: ADT-only (± <90-day nonsteroidal anti-androgen [NSAA] use), ADT + NSAA, ADT + docetaxel, and ADT + abiraterone. Main outcomes were treatment patterns, time-to-progression to metastatic castration-resistant disease, and overall survival. Multivariable analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted.

resultsOf 1395 patients, 874 (63%) received ADT-only, 338 (24%) received ADT + NSAA, 108 (8%) received ADT + docetaxel, and 75 (5%) received ADT + abiraterone. Proportions on ADT-only and ADT + NSAA declined (from 66% to 60% and from 31% to 17%, respectively) over the study period, while proportions prescribed ADT + docetaxel or abiraterone increased from 3% to 9% and from 1% to 15%, respectively. Patients treated with ADT + NSAA had similar risks of castration-resistant disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 1.26) and overall mortality (HR 1.22; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.54) as ADT-only.

conclusionsMost patients with mCSPC initiating ADT received ADT-only or ADT + NSAA, despite the emergence of docetaxel and novel hormonal therapies. Even in the most recent period (2017 to early 2018), only 24% of men received intensified therapy with agents known to prolong survival versus ADT-only. These data in real-world clinical practice suggest substantial room for improved outcomes in patients with mCSPC.

Indexed as

Veterans HealthAbiraterone AcetateAgedAndrogen AntagonistsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsDocetaxelHumansMaleProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantRetrospective StudiesSurvival AnalysisUnited StatesAbiraterone AcetateAndrogen AntagonistsDocetaxelanti-androgenLHRH agonistLHRH antagonistoverall survivalprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID34725947
PMCPMC8633245

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.