ReviewMedicinal research reviews2022
The antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of propolis: An update and future perspectives for respiratory diseases.
Review in Medicinal research reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Propolis effects on blood sugar and lipid metabolism, inflammatory indicators, and oxidative stress in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Polyphenols in Respiratory and Gut Health: From the Perspective of Gut-Lung Axis.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Propolis: A Natural Bioactive Compound with Emerging Roles in Functional Food Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Pollen to Pathogen Defense: How Pollen Chemical Quality Impacts Deformed Wing Virus Infection and Survival in Honey Bees.Viruses · 2026Review
- Potential Effects of Bee Products Against Hantavirus Infection: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Broad-spectrum antiviral potential of vitexin and isovitexin from Jatropha integerrima: in vitro cytoprotective effects and in silico insights.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Antiviral activity of the aqueous extract of twelve monthly-collections of propolis from Barra do Corda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Thermoresponsive propolis gel for gingival wound healing post-depigmentation: A prospective clinical study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Alleviation of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatic Damage by Propolis: Effects on Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Expression.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Propolis impairs cellular proliferation by promoting oxidative damage and disrupting macromolecular composition in a yeast model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nanocomposite hydrogel incorporating Arnica montana extract, propolis-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, and menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells for allergic rhinitis therapy.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Article
- Does Green Brazilian Propolis Extract Improve Functional Capacity in Symptomatic Chronic Coronary Disease?-A Pilot Randomized Trial.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Propolis as a Treatment Option for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Children: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Propolis Stands out as a Multifaceted Natural Product: Meta-Analysis on Its Sources, Bioactivities, Applications, and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nature's Remedies: Exploring the Potential of Propolis to Alleviate Non-Motor Manifestations of Parkinson's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Propolis and Royal Jelly in Encephalitozoon Intestinalis Infection: An in Vitro Study.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- A Path to the Formation Mechanism of Propolis Nanoparticles, their Cytotoxicity on 3T3 Fibroblasts, Metastatic Murine B16F10 Cells, and theirAnti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Propolis does not significantly modulate immune function in an older population: A preliminary study.Heliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Propolis is a complex natural product that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties mainly attributed to the high content in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives. The chemical composition of propolis is multifarious, as it depends on the botanical sources from which honeybees collect resins and exudates. Nevertheless, despite this variability propolis may have a general pharmacological value, and this review systematically compiles, for the first time, the existing preclinical and clinical evidence of propolis activities as an antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, focusing on the possible application in respiratory diseases. In vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated propolis broad-spectrum effects on viral infectivity and replication, as well as the modulatory actions on cytokine production and immune cell activation as part of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trials confirmed propolis undeniable potential as an effective therapeutic agent; however, the lack of rigorous randomized clinical trials in the context of respiratory diseases is tangible. Since propolis is available as a dietary supplement, possible use for the prevention of respiratory diseases and their deleterious inflammatory drawbacks on the respiratory tract in humans is considered and discussed. This review opens up new perspectives on the clinical investigation of neglected propolis biological properties which, now more than ever, are particularly relevant with respect to the recent outbreaks of pandemic respiratory infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.