ArticleScientific reports2021
Intramuscular fat in gluteus maximus for different levels of physical activity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exercise with or without a hypocaloric diet on intermuscular and intramuscular fat: a systematic review.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Limited musculoskeletal benefits of artificial gravity combined with cycling during bed rest: Results from the BRACE study.Experimental physiology · 2026Trial
- Automated deep-learning quantification of intramuscular fat in lumbar spine muscles on Dixon MRI: validation and normative reference values from 173 healthy adults.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort.BMC geriatrics · 2026Observational
- Comprehensive quantitative analysis of muscle cross-sectional area and intramuscular fat infiltration of hip using modified DIXON MRI based on chemical shift encoding technique.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Intramuscular Fat as a Biomarker of Muscle Health: Strengths, Limitations and Open Challenges.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Review
- Article
- Muscle fat infiltration: a narrative review of the magnetic resonance (MR)-based evaluation methods and their clinical applications.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Review
- Association of physical activity with fatty infiltration of muscles after total hip arthroplasty.Skeletal radiology · 2024Article
- Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Steroidogenesis, and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mid-life cyclists preserve muscle mass and composition: a 3D MRI study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Gender similarities and differences in skeletal muscle and body composition: an MRI study of recreational cyclists.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Article
- Differential regulatory roles of microRNAs during intramuscular adipogenesis in Chinese Guizhou Congjiang Xiang pigs.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- Towards defining muscular regions of interest from axial magnetic resonance imaging with anatomical cross-reference: a scoping review of lateral hip musculature.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to determine if gluteus maximus (GMAX) fat infiltration is associated with different levels of physical activity. Identifying and quantifying differences in the intramuscular fat content of GMAX in subjects with different levels of physical activity can provide a new tool to evaluate hip muscles health. This was a cross-sectional study involving seventy subjects that underwent Dixon MRI of the pelvis. The individuals were divided into four groups by levels of physical activity, from low to high: inactive patients due to hip pain; and low, medium and high physical activity groups of healthy subjects (HS) based on hours of exercise per week. We estimated the GMAX intramuscular fat content for each subject using automated measurements of fat fraction (FF) from Dixon images. The GMAX volume and lean volume were also measured and normalized by lean body mass. The effects of body mass index (BMI) and age were included in the statistical analysis. The patient group had a significantly higher FF than the three groups of HS (median values of 26.2%, 17.8%, 16.7% and 13.7% respectively, p < 0.001). The normalized lean volume was significantly larger in the high activity group compared to all the other groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.02). Employing a hierarchical linear regression analysis, we found that hip pain, low physical activity, female gender and high BMI were statistically significant predictors of increased GMAX fat infiltration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.