Trial reportJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Phase II, single-arm trial of preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and camrelizumab in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Trial report in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 101 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Preoperative Short Course Radiotherapy With Consolidation Chemotherapies and Camrelizumab Followed by Delayed Surgery in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Node-sparing Modified Short-Course Radiation Combined With CAPOX and Sintilimab for MSS Locally Advanced Colon Cancer : A Randomized, Prospective, Multicenter, Open-label Clinical Trial
Total Neoadjuvant Treatment With or Without Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: An Open-label Randomized Controlled Phase II Study (The TOTAL Trial)
A Single-Arm, Single-Center, Phase II Exploratory Clinical Study of Serplulimab Combined With Decitabine Plus CAPOX as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in proficient MMR rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nonlinear duration-efficacy association of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with chemoradiotherapy in pMMR/MSS locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy combined with immunotherapy in MMR‑proficient/microsatellite stable non‑metastatic rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, 2024 update.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Guideline
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors or PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for DNA mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable non-metastatic rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-metastatic colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Microsatellite instability in rectal cancer: what does it mean? A study of two randomized trials and a systematic review of the literature.Histopathology · 2022Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus sintilimab in proficient mismatch repair locally advanced rectal cancer with intermediate/high-immunoscore (SILAR): a single-arm phase II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Short-Course Radiotherapy-Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy plus Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (Neo-STAR): Early Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Plus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy followed by camrelizumab and chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: 3-year survival from a phase 2 study.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiation with or without PD-1 blockade in locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 blockade plus long-course chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (NECTAR): a multi-center phase 2 study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Trial
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
24 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), preoperative short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) with delayed surgery has been shown to be as effective as long-course chemoradiotherapy, with only modest benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative SCRT combined with subsequent CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) and the anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab in patients with LARC.
methodsThis was a prospective, single-arm, phase II trial. Treatment-naïve patients with histologically confirmed T3-4N0M0 or T1-4N+M0 rectal adenocarcinoma received 5×5 Gy SCRT with two subsequent 21-day cycles of CAPOX plus camrelizumab after 1 week, followed by radical surgery after 1 week. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Biomarker analysis was performed to identify a potential predictor of pCR to treatment.
resultsFrom November 7, 2019 to September 14, 2020, 30 patients were enrolled, and 27 patients received at least one dose of CAPOX plus camrelizumab. Surgery was performed in 27 (100%) patients. The pCR (ypT0N0) rate was 48.1% (13/27), including 46.2% (12/26) for proficient mismatch repair (MMR) tumors and 100% (1/1) for deficient MMR tumors. Immune-related adverse events were all grade 1-2, with the most common being reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (81.5%). No grade 4/5 adverse events occurred. Biomarker analysis showed patients without FGFR1-3 deletions had a better tendency for pCR.
conclusionsSCRT combined with subsequent CAPOX plus camrelizumab followed by delayed surgery showed a favorable pCR rate with good tolerance in patients with LARC, especially in the proficient MMR setting. A randomized controlled trial is ongoing to confirm these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04231552.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.