ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Phase separation in fluids with many interacting components.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Active RNA synthesis patterns nuclear condensates.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Combinatorial decision-making driven by multicomponent surface condensates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Diverse, distinct, and densely packed DNA nanostar droplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Transcription regulation by biomolecular condensates.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Disordered Regions of Condensate-promoting Proteins Have Distinct Molecular Signatures Associated with Cellular Function.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Article
- Liquid Hopfield model: Retrieval and localization in multicomponent liquid mixtures.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- An RNA-centric view of transcription and genome organization.Molecular cell · 2024Review
- Preserving condensate structure and composition by lowering sequence complexity.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Phase Separation in Complex Mixtures with Many Components: Analytical Expressions for Spinodal Manifolds.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Interfacial exchange dynamics of biomolecular condensates are highly sensitive to client interactions.The Journal of chemical physics · 2024Article
- Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Fluid dynamics alters liquid-liquid phase separation in confined aqueous two-phase systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Preserving condensate structure and composition by lowering sequence complexity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Chemical reaction motifs driving non-equilibrium behaviours in phase separating materials.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Theoretical and Data-Driven Approaches for Biomolecular Condensates.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- A model for organization and regulation of nuclear condensates by gene activity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Developments in describing equilibrium phase transitions of multivalent associative macromolecules.Current opinion in structural biology · 2023Review
- Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Fluids in natural systems, like the cytoplasm of a cell, often contain thousands of molecular species that are organized into multiple coexisting phases that enable diverse and specific functions. How interactions between numerous molecular species encode for various emergent phases is not well understood. Here, we leverage approaches from random-matrix theory and statistical physics to describe the emergent phase behavior of fluid mixtures with many species whose interactions are drawn randomly from an underlying distribution. Through numerical simulation and stability analyses, we show that these mixtures exhibit staged phase-separation kinetics and are characterized by multiple coexisting phases at steady state with distinct compositions. Random-matrix theory predicts the number of coexisting phases, validated by simulations with diverse component numbers and interaction parameters. Surprisingly, this model predicts an upper bound on the number of phases, derived from dynamical considerations, that is much lower than the limit from the Gibbs phase rule, which is obtained from equilibrium thermodynamic constraints. We design ensembles that encode either linear or nonmonotonic scaling relationships between the number of components and coexisting phases, which we validate through simulation and theory. Finally, inspired by parallels in biological systems, we show that including nonequilibrium turnover of components through chemical reactions can tunably modulate the number of coexisting phases at steady state without changing overall fluid composition. Together, our study provides a model framework that describes the emergent dynamical and steady-state phase behavior of liquid-like mixtures with many interacting constituents.
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