ReviewBMJ open2021
Use of virtual and augmented reality-based interventions in health education to improve dementia knowledge and attitudes: an integrative review.
Review in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on the Caregiving Competence and Empathy of Caregivers for Elderly with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of nursing management · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of a Virtual Reality Intervention on Stigma, Empathy, and Attitudes Toward Patients With Psychotic Disorders Among Mental Health Care Professionals: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Supporting Unpaid Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia: Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility Study to Explore Caregiver Outcomes and Impact of a Co-Designed Simulation-Based Psychoeducation Program in Virtual Reality.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A quasi-experimental study comparing a VR, computer-based, and face-to-face Alzheimer's embodiment education scenario, "Beatriz".The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- Article
- Dementia Education for Physiotherapy Students: A Questionnaire of Australian and Canadian Entry-to-Professional Practice Programmes.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2025Article
- Effects of a Virtual Reality-Based Dementia Educational Program on Healthcare Staff in Geriatric Dementia Wards: A Pre-Post Comparative Study.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2025Article
- An Innovative Interactive Narrative Persona (INP) Approach for Virtual Reality-Based Dementia Tour Design (VDT) in Rehabilitation Contexts.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Knowledge of Caregivers About Care for People Living With Dementia and Its Associations in Nursing Homes and Home Care-A Quantitative Study.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding non-pharmacologic interventions for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Reviewing the current state of virtual reality integration in medical education - a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Article
- Technology in Dementia Education: An Ethical Imperative in a Digitized World.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Virtual Models Using Augmented Reality May Provide a Suitable Supplement, Although Not a Physical Specimen Replacement, in Pathology Education.Medical science educator · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Augmented and Virtual Reality-Based Interventions in Improving Knowledge, Attitudes, Empathy and Stigma Regarding People with Mental Illnesses-A Scoping Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Scoping Review: The Effectiveness of Interprofessional Virtual Reality Simulation.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentReview
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesImmersive technologies such as virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) can potentially help health professionals and trainees understand psychological symptoms and responsive behaviours associated with dementia within a safe and supportive learning environment. This integrative review sought to ascertain the types of VR and AR-based interventions used in dementia education and training and its efficacy to improve knowledge and attitudes of health professionals or trainees.
designThe protocol was submitted to PROSPERO and literature published from 2000 onwards was searched in eight databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Scopus. A total of 19 articles were included and assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Methodological quality varied across studies.
resultsVR rather than AR-based intervention are used in dementia education and training for health professional and trainees. Immersive virtual learning potentially enhance knowledge, attitudes, empathy and sensitivity of health professionals and trainees.
conclusionsWhile promising, there remains a lack of conclusive and robust evidence to fully recommend the introduction and inclusion of immersive virtual learning in dementia education and training. Additional rigorously designed research studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the benefits on attitudes, empathy, sensitivity and knowledge. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020182083.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.