ArticleBMC oral health2021
Classifying and standardizing panfacial trauma according to anatomic categories and Facial Injury Severity Scale: a 10-year retrospective study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic Value of Initial CT Imaging for Surgical Planning and Outcomes in Panfacial Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Facial Injury Score and Facial Injury Severity Score as Injury Severity Indicators: A Comparative Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Biological sex, but not obesity, independently predicts anatomical injury patterns in trauma bay patients: a multivariate retrospective analysis of 2,128 patients.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Interpersonal Violence-Related Facial Fractures: 12-Year Trends and Surgical Outcomes in a Southern European Level-I Trauma Centre.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Facial Fractures Associated With Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Adults: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Point-of-Care Virtual Planning and 3D Printing in Facial Trauma: A 10-Year Experience at a Single Institution.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The US-Mexico Border Wall Height Extension Is Associated With Increased Incidence and Severity of Facial Trauma.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- A Shift in Conceptual Thinking of Panfacial Fracture Sequencing: The Major Fragment Theory.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025Article
- Exploring the correlation of epidemiological and clinical factors with facial injury severity scores in maxillofacial trauma: a comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Correlation between Tomography Scan Findings and Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Orbital Floor Fractures.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the SEVERITY of FACIAL and GENERAL TRAUMA in child and adolescent victims of traffic accidents.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The Comprehensive Facial Injury (CFI) Score Is an Early Predictor of the Management for Mild, Moderate and Severe Facial Trauma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the epidemiologic factors of panfacial fractures (PFs), and to evaluate the significance of anatomic PF categories and the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) in classifying and standardizing panfacial injuries.
methodsA retrospective review of all patients treated with PFs at our institution between June 2010 and April 2021 was performed. PF was defined as a concurrent fracture in at least 3 of 4 facial subunits (frontal, upper midface, lower midface, and mandible). Data regarding patient demographics, causes of injury, location of fractures, major concomitant injuries, and postinjury complications were collected, and the FISS score was collected from each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0.
resultsA total of 227 patients were enrolled. The most commonly fractured bones were the maxillary sinus wall (92.1%), mandible (82.8%), and zygomatic arch (75.3%), and the most common fracture sites in PFs were graphically presented. Four PF patterns were defined: FULM (n = 60), FUL (n = 39), ULM (n = 127), and FUM (n = 1). There was a significant association between PF patterns and sex (p = 0.018), the number of concomitant injuries (p = 0.014), and early surgical airway management (p = 0.003). Different PF patterns were significantly correlated with different types of concomitant injuries and complications. The FISS score showed a significant difference with PF patterns (p = 0.000) and sex (p = 0.007), and a FISS value of 11 or more is the appropriate cutoff for the prediction of multiple concomitant injuries and complications.
conclusionsBoth the anatomic PF categories and FISS were significantly correlated with various concomitant injuries and complications. The combination of PF categories and FISS provided a better positive and negative prediction of concomitant injuries and complications for PF patients. Patients with FULM and FISS > 11 had an obviously higher proportion of the need for multiprofessional treatment.
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