ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2022
Yields and Immunomodulatory Effects of Pneumococcal Membrane Vesicles Differ with the Bacterial Growth Phase.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental cues shape extracellular vesicles biogenesis and function in Streptococcus pneumoniae.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Standardizing Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Purification: A Call for Consensus.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Consistency in bacterial extracellular vesicle production: key to their application in human health.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Advanced Therapeutic Approaches Based on Small Extracellular Vehicles (sEVs) For the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Hydrogel-exosome system in tissue engineering: A promising therapeutic strategy.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Growth phase matters: Boosting immunity via Lacticasebacillus-derived membrane vesicles and their interactions with TLR2 pathways.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Hosts: Updates and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Spray Drying of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Delivery.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The role of pneumococcal extracellular vesicles on the pathophysiology of the kidney disease hemolytic uremic syndrome.mSphere · 2023Article
- Article
- An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Effect of Iron Limitation, Elevated Temperature, and Florfenicol on the Proteome and Vesiculation of the Fish PathogenMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Yields and Immunomodulatory Effects of Pneumococcal Membrane Vesicles Differ with the Bacterial Growth Phase.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- Proteome analysis of the Gram-positive fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum reveals putative role of membrane vesicles in virulence.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Computational analysis and expression profiling of potassium transport-related gene families in mango (Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a leading cause of death worldwide. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are promising vaccine candidates because of the antigenic components of their parent microorganisms. Pneumococcal MVs exhibit low toxicity towards several cell lines, but their clinical translation requires a high yield and strong immunogenic effects without compromising immune cell viability. MVs are isolated during either the stationary phase (24 h) or death phase (48 h), and their yields, immunogenicity and cytotoxicity in human primary macrophages and dendritic cells have been investigated. Death-phase vesicles showed higher yields than stationary-phase vesicles. Both vesicle types displayed acceptable compatibility with primary immune cells and several cell lines. Both vesicle types showed comparable uptake and enhanced release of the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6, from human primary immune cells. Proteomic analysis revealed similarities in vesicular immunogenic proteins such as pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface protein A, and IgA1 protease in both vesicle types, but stationary-phase MVs showed significantly lower autolysin levels than death-phase MVs. Although death-phase vesicles produced higher yields, they lacked superiority to stationary-phase vesicles as vaccine candidates owing to their similar antigenic protein cargo and comparable uptake into primary human immune cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.