Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34724175›Full record

ArticleDrugs2021

Clinical Value of Emerging Bioanalytical Methods for Drug Measurements: A Scoping Review of Their Applicability for Medication Adherence and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

Tanja R Zijp, Zamrotul Izzah, Christoffer Åberg, C Tji Gan, Stephan J L Bakker, Daan J Touw, Job F M van Boven

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Medication adherence to CFTR modulators in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. An Overview of Adherence-What It Is and Why It Is Important.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Towards precision drug therapy in asthma.Annals of translational medicine · 2022
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tanja R Zijp *University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-6376
Zamrotul Izzah *University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Christoffer ÅbergUniversity of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen, The Netherlands.
C Tji GanUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Stephan J L BakkerUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Daan J Touw *University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands. d.j.touw@umcg.nl.
Job F M van Boven *University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

chiesi farmaceutici PA 2019-7108the indonesian endowment fund for education, ministry of finance of republic of indonesia 20193220414030
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDirect quantification of drug concentrations allows for medication adherence monitoring (MAM) and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Multiple less invasive methods have been developed in recent years: dried blood spots (DBS), saliva, and hair analyses.

aimTo provide an overview of emerging drug quantification methods for MAM and TDM, focusing on the clinical validation of methods in patients prescribed chronic drug therapies.

methodsA scoping review was performed using a systematic search in three electronic databases covering the period 2000-2020. Screening and inclusion were performed by two independent reviewers in Rayyan. Data from the articles were aggregated in a REDCap database. The main outcome was clinical validity of methods based on study sample size, means of cross-validation, and method description. Outcomes were reported by matrix, therapeutic area and application (MAM and/or TDM).

resultsA total of 4590 studies were identified and 175 articles were finally included; 57 on DBS, 66 on saliva and 55 on hair analyses. Most reports were in the fields of neurological diseases (37%), infectious diseases (31%), and transplantation (14%). An overview of clinical validation was generated of all measured drugs. A total of 62 drugs assays were applied for MAM and 131 for TDM.

conclusionMAM and TDM are increasingly possible without traditional invasive blood sampling: the strengths and limitations of DBS, saliva, and hair differ, but all have potential for valid and more convenient drug monitoring. To strengthen the quality and comparability of future evidence, standardisation of the clinical validation of the methods is recommended.

Indexed as

Medication AdherenceBlood Chemical AnalysisDrug MonitoringHairHumansReproducibility of ResultsSaliva

Identifiers

PMID34724175
PMCPMC8559140

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.