Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34724034›Full record

ReviewTranslational vision science & technology2021

Outer Retinal Cell Replacement: Putting the Pieces Together.

Allison L Ludwig, David M Gamm

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Translational vision science & technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Monitoring Gene Expression in Retina with synthetic serum markers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The neuroimmune interface in retinal regeneration.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. History of Finding Genes and Mutations Causing Inherited Retinal Diseases.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Re-formation of synaptic connectivity in dissociated human stem cell-derived retinal organoid cultures.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Allison L LudwigWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
David M GammWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Funding

Short-Term Research Training of Veterinary Students in WisconsinT35OD011078 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI BJORLING, DALE EDMOND, JORGENSEN, JOAN S · 2012 to 2025
$1.0M
Toward enhancing organization and defining synaptic connectivity of transplanted human pluripotent stem cell-derived photoreceptor graftsF30EY031230 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI LUDWIG, ALLISON LYN · 2020 to 2023
$163k
NEI NIH HHS F30 EY031230NIH HHS T35 OD011078
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) affecting photoreceptors (PRs) are one of the most prevalent sources of incurable blindness worldwide. Due to a lack of endogenous repair mechanisms, functional cell replacement of PRs and/or retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells are among the most anticipated approaches for restoring vision in advanced RDD. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have accelerated development of outer retinal cell therapies as they provide a theoretically unlimited source of donor cells. Human PSC-RPE replacement therapies have progressed rapidly, with several completed and ongoing clinical trials. Although potentially more promising, hPSC-PR replacement therapies are still in their infancy. A first-in-human trial of hPSC-derived neuroretinal transplantation has recently begun, but a number of questions regarding survival, reproducibility, functional integration, and mechanism of action remain. The discovery of biomaterial transfer between donor and PR cells has highlighted the need for rigorous safety and efficacy studies of PR replacement. In this review, we briefly discuss the history of neuroretinal and PR cell transplantation to identify remaining challenges and outline a stepwise approach to address specific pieces of the outer retinal cell replacement puzzle.

Indexed as

Pluripotent Stem CellsRetinal DegenerationHumansReproducibility of ResultsRetinal Pigment EpitheliumStem Cell Transplantation

Identifiers

PMID34724034
PMCPMC8572485

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.