Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34723645›Full record

ArticleJournal of bacteriology2022

Putrescine and Its Metabolic Precursor Arginine Promote Biofilm and c-di-GMP Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Zhexian Liu, Sarzana S Hossain, Zayda Morales Moreira, Cara H Haney

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Arginine Decarboxylase Gene (Microorganisms · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Transcriptomic profiling ofMicrobial genomics · 2025
    Article
  11. The influence of the polyamine synthesis pathways onMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Improved Natamycin Production inMicroorganisms · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zhexian LiuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5739-9524
Sarzana S HossainDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6744-9257
Zayda Morales MoreiraDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7993-883X
Cara H HaneyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-6099-6677
University of British Columbia · CA

Funding

CIHR PJT - 169051
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, can synthesize and catabolize several small cationic molecules known as polyamines. In several clades of bacteria, polyamines regulate biofilm formation, a lifestyle-switching process that confers resistance to environmental stress. The polyamine putrescine and its biosynthetic precursors, l-arginine and agmatine, promote biofilm formation in Pseudomonas spp. However, it remains unclear whether the effect is a direct effect of polyamines or occurs through a metabolic derivative. Here, we used a genetic approach to demonstrate that putrescine accumulation, either through disruption of the spermidine biosynthesis pathway or the catabolic putrescine aminotransferase pathway, promoted biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. Consistent with this observation, exogenous putrescine robustly induced biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa that was dependent on putrescine uptake and biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, we show that l-arginine, the biosynthetic precursor of putrescine, also promoted biofilm formation but did so by a mechanism independent of putrescine or agmatine conversion. We found that both putrescine and l-arginine induced a significant increase in the intracellular level of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) (c-di-GMP), a bacterial second messenger widely found in

Indexed as

ArginineBiofilmsCyclic GMPGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPseudomonas aeruginosaPutrescineUp-RegulationArgininebis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acidCyclic GMPPutrescineargininebiofilmc-di-GMPpolyaminesPseudomonas aeruginosaputrescine

Identifiers

PMID34723645
PMCPMC8765461
OpenAlexW3208616104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.