ArticleScience immunology2021
All-trans retinoic acid overcomes solid tumor radioresistance by inducing inflammatory macrophages.
Article in Science immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined FOLFOX4 with all-trans retinoic acid versus FOLFOX4 with placebo in treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis: a randomized, double-blind comparative study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Trial
- Metabolites and cancer metastasis.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Targeting Reactive Species Stress and Nutrient Sensing to Enhance NK-Cell Function: Mechanistic Strategies for Overcoming Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Resistance Through Supplement Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and cytokines: A systems view of immunotherapy and toxicity (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- A Novel PLGA-based nano-adjuvant augments mucosal and systemic immunity in chicks through intestinal targeting and IgA production.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of radioresistance: decoding macrophage-driven radioprotective niches through temporal-spatial reprogramming.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- A risk score model based on glycosylation-related genes for predicting radioresistance and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- An immunostimulant nanomedicine enhances radioimmunotherapy by remodeling the tumor immunosuppressive landscape after radiotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Retinoic Acid Reprograms Mast Cells Toward a Proinflammatory State to Enhance Antitumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enhanced magnetic thermal ablation combined with immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using engineering microspheres.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- A Bifunctional Antibody Targeting PD-1 and TGF-β Signaling Has Antitumor Activity in Combination with Radiotherapy and Attenuates Radiation-Induced Lung Injury.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Retinoic acid enhances γδ T cell cytotoxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by reversing immune exhaustion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy and its synergistic translational potential with immunotherapy.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Defective autophagy of pericytes enhances radiation-induced senescence promoting radiation brain injury.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- All-trans retinoic acid inhibits glioblastoma progression and attenuates radiation-induced brain injury.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Radiotherapy and immunology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Translational Frontiers and Clinical Opportunities of Immunologically Fitted Radiotherapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important anti-cancer treatment modality that activates innate and adaptive immune responses. When all-trans retinoic acid (RA) was administered with radiation, we observed superior antitumor responses compared to ionizing radiation (IR) alone or RA alone. The superior antitumor effects of combination treatment were accompanied by a dramatic increase of TNF-α- and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-producing inflammatory macrophages in local and distal non-irradiated (distal) tumors. Inflammatory macrophages are essential for the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment by inducing effector T cell infiltration and enhancing the effector T cell to regulatory T cell ratio in local and distal tumors. T cells and T cell-derived IFN-γ are crucial for increasing inflammatory macrophage levels in IR and RA treated tumors. Notably, whereas CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.