ReviewJournal of clinical and translational hepatology2021
COVID-19 and Indirect Liver Injury: A Narrative Synthesis of the Evidence.
Review in Journal of clinical and translational hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanisms underlying COVID-19 induced insulin resistance: a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Hepatic involvement in major respiratory viral infections.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2025Review
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: Regulation, association, and therapeutic implications.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review.World journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Frontiers and hotspots evolution in cytokine storm: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2022.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Effects of COVID-19 on the Liver and Mortality in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Caused by Delta and Non-Delta Variants: An Analysis in a Single Centre.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- COVID-19 associated liver injury: An updated review on the mechanisms and management of risk groups.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2023Review
- An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between the De Ritis Ratio and Disease Severity and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Liver Can Deliver: Utility of Hepatic Function Tests as Predictors of Outcome in COVID-19, Influenza and RSV Infections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and hepatic injury: cellular and molecular mechanisms in diverse liver cells.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and liver injury: An ongoing challenge.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2023Review
- Post-mortem findings in Spanish patients with COVID-19; a special focus on superinfections.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Vaccination against COVID-19 decreases hospitalizations in patients with cirrhosis: Results from a nationwide analysis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2022Article
- Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Liver Injury of Severe and Critical Patients with COVID-19.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The liver is frequently affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The most common manifestations are mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, with a prevalence of 16-53% among patients. Cases with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seem to have higher rates of acute liver dysfunction, and the presence of abnormal liver tests at admission signifies a higher risk of severe disease during hospitalization. Patients with chronic liver diseases also have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality (mainly seen in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease). Several pathways of damage have been proposed in the liver involvement of COVID-19 patients; although, the end-cause is most likely multifactorial. Abnormal liver tests have been attributed to the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This enzyme is expressed widely in cholangiocytes and less in hepatocytes. Other factors attributed to liver damage include drug-induced liver injury, uncontrolled release of proinflammatory molecules ("cytokine storm"), pneumonia-associated hypoxia, and direct damage by the infection. Hepatic steatosis, vascular thrombosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory features (including Kupffer cell hyperplasia) are the most common liver histopathological findings in deceased COVID-19 patients, suggesting important indirect mechanisms of liver damage. In this translational medicine-based narrative review, we summarize the current data on the possible indirect mechanisms involved in liver damage due to COVID-19, the histopathological findings, and the impact of these mechanisms in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.