Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34722158›Full record

ArticleMeta gene2022

MicroRNAs based regulation of cytokine regulating immune expressed genes and their transcription factors in COVID-19.

Manoj Khokhar, Sojit Tomo, Purvi Purohit

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Meta gene, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Vitamin D in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  5. Epistatic contributions to human traits via transcription factor mechanisms.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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  12. Review
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. COVIDanno, COVID-19 annotation in human.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Manoj KhokharDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India.
Sojit TomoDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India.
Purvi PurohitDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 is characterized by the elevation of a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators associated with poor disease outcomes. We aimed at an in-silico analysis of regulatory microRNA and their transcription factors (TF) for these inflammatory genes that may help to devise potential therapeutic strategies in the future.

methodsThe cytokine regulating immune-expressed genes (CRIEG) were sorted from literature and the GEO microarray dataset. Their co-differentially expressed miRNA and transcription factors were predicted from publicly available databases. Enrichment analysis was done through mienturnet, MiEAA, Gene Ontology, and pathways predicted by KEGG and Reactome pathways. Finally, the functional and regulatory features were analyzed and visualized through Cytoscape.

resultsSixteen CRIEG were observed to have a significant protein-protein interaction network. The ontological analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways for biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. The search performed in the miRNA database yielded ten miRNAs that are significantly involved in regulating these genes and their transcription factors.

conclusionAn in-silico representation of a network involving miRNAs, CRIEGs, and TF, which take part in the inflammatory response in COVID-19, has been elucidated. Thus, these regulatory factors may have potentially critical roles in the inflammatory response in COVID-19 and may be explored further to develop targeted therapeutic strategies and mechanistic validation.

Indexed as

AHR, Aryl hydrocarbon receptorARDS, acute respiratory distress syndromeBAL, Bronchoalveolar LavageCC, Cellular componentsCCL2, C-C motif chemokine 2CCL3, C-C motif chemokine 3CCL4, C-C motif chemokine 4CCL, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligandsCCR, CC chemokine receptorCEBPA, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alphaCOVID-19COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019CREM, cAMP responsive element modulatorCRIEGs, Cytokine regulating immune expressed genesCSF2, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorCSF3, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factorCXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10CXCL2, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2CXCL8, Interleukin-8CXCR, C-X-C chemokine receptorCytokinesCytokine stormDDIT3, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 proteinDEGs, Differentially expressed genesE2F1, Transcription factor E2F1EGR1, Early growth response protein 1EP300, Histone acetyltransferase p300ESR1, Estrogen receptor, Nuclear hormone receptorETS2, Protein C-ets-2FOXP3, Forkhead box protein P3GO, Gene OntologyGSEs, Gene Series ExpressionsHDAC1, Histone deacetylase 1HDAC2, Histone deacetylase 2HSF1, Heat shock factor protein 1IL10, Interleukin-10IL17A, Interleukin-17AIL1B, Interleukin-1IL2, Interleukin-2IL-6, interleukin-6IL6, Interleukin-6IL7, Interleukin-7IL9, Interleukin-9Immuno-interactomicsIP-10, Interferon-Inducible Protein 10IRF1, Interferon regulatory factor 1JAK2, Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2JAK-STAT, Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activatorJUN, Transcription factor AP-1KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and GenomesKLF4, Krueppel-like factor 4MicroRNA, SARS-CoV-2miEAA, miRNA Enrichment Analysis and Annotation tNFAT5, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5NFKB1, Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunitNFKBIA, NF-kappa-B inhibitor alphaNF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cellsNR1I2, Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2PDM, peripheral blood mononuclear cellRELA, Transcription factor p65REL, Proto-oncogene c-RelRUNX1, Runt-related transcription factor 1SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2SIRT1, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1SP1, Transcription factor Sp1SPI1, Transcription factor PU.1STAT1, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/betaSTAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3TLR3, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)TNF, Tumor necrosis factorTNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-AlphaVDR, Vitamin D3 receptorXBP1, X-box-binding protein 1ZFP36, mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36ZNF300, Zinc finger protein 300, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)

Identifiers

PMID34722158
PMCPMC8547816
OpenAlexW3208673919

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.