ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Virus Infection Is an Instigator of Intestinal Dysbiosis Leading to Type 1 Diabetes.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Mechanisms Influencing the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetics of diabetes and its complications: a comprehensive review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Concomitancy of Type 1 Diabetes in Two Siblings: A Case Report and Review of Possible Viral Etiology.Cureus · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Precision Nutrition and Personalized Medicine.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Effects of Viruses on Insulin Sensitivity and Blood-Brain Barrier Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Intestinal Region-Dependent Alterations of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Myenteric Neurons of Type 1 Diabetic Rats.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Evidence Suggesting the Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Review
- The role of pathogens in diabetes pathogenesis and the potential of immunoproteomics as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- The etiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes - A personal, non-systematic review of possible causes, and interventions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In addition to genetic predisposition, environmental determinants contribute to a complex etiology leading to onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Multiple studies have established the gut as an important site for immune modulation that can directly impact development of autoreactive cell populations against pancreatic self-antigens. Significant efforts have been made to unravel how changes in the microbiome function as a contributor to autoimmune responses and can serve as a biomarker for diabetes development. Large-scale longitudinal studies reveal that common environmental exposures precede diabetes pathology. Virus infections, particularly those associated with the gut, have been prominently identified as risk factors for T1D development. Evidence suggests recent-onset T1D patients experience pre-existing subclinical enteropathy and dysbiosis leading up to development of diabetes. The start of these dysbiotic events coincide with detection of virus infections. Thus viral infection may be a contributing driver for microbiome dysbiosis and disruption of intestinal homeostasis prior to T1D onset. Ultimately, understanding the cross-talk between viral infection, the microbiome, and the immune system is key for the development of preventative measures against T1D.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.