ArticleBMC women's health2021
Spousal violence against women and its consequences on pregnancy outcomes and reproductive health of women in India.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated domestic violence and reproductive health interventions in India: a systematic review.Reproductive health · 2024Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Community-Based Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Multi-stakeholder perspectives on gender-based violence in marital relationships: A qualitative study in rural India.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Article
- Spatial Distribution and Multilevel Analysis of Pregnancy Loss in India: Examining Individual and Contextual Factors.Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- Provision of Sensitive Medico-Legal Care to Sexual Violence Survivors in a Tertiary Public Health Facility of Maharashtra.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Schooling and intimate partner violence: retrospective analysis of India's Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan using quasi-experimental techniques.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Socio-cultural practices and experience of mothers' post stillbirth and newborn death: a population-based perspective from India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Sexual violence against ever-married reproductive-age women in East Africa: further analysis of recent demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy intention: evidence from the Peruvian demographic and health survey.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- A step closer towards achieving universal health coverage: the role of gender in enrolment in health insurance in India.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Factors associated with sexual violence against reproductive-age women in Ghana: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Resources and Obstacles of a Maternity Staff Facing Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy-A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Systems thinking on the gendered impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Physical Violence during Pregnancy and Its Implications at Birth: Analysis of a Population Survey, 2019.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- COVID-19, nutrition, and gender: An evidence-informed approach to gender-responsive policies and programs.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Review
- Sexual violence as a predictor of unintended pregnancy among married women of India: evidence from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (2015-16).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Spousal Violence among Reproductive Age Group Women - A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, one in three women experienced domestic violence. Alike the scenario observed in India, and a very few studies talk about violence and its consequences on women's health. Hence, the purpose of this study is to access the level of various types of spousal violence in India and to understand the association between physical, sexual and emotional violence against ever-married women by their husbands. The study further examines the consequences of spousal violence on women's health in terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes and reproductive health in India.
methodsThe study uses secondary data from National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4, 2015-16). The analysis was based on a sample of ever-married women aged 15-49 years. Bivariate descriptive analysis and multiple regression analyses have been carried out to understand the association between spousal violence and its consequences on women's health.
resultsThe study finds that the physical, sexual and emotional violence experienced by ever-married women in India are 29.8%, 13.8% and 7.0%, respectively. Further, the physical and sexual violence experienced by women have a significant association with an unwanted pregnancy, abortion, miscarriages and ever had termination of pregnancies. The regression analysis shows that violence by sexual partners among battered women increased the likelihood of unwanted pregnancy. Similarly, abortion and ever had a termination of pregnancies are also adversely affected by partner violence. Further, the risk of sexually transmitted infection increases 77% by sexual violence and 44% by emotional violence among battered women. Also, Sexual violence substantially increases the risk of prolonged labour during pregnancy.
conclusionThis study revealed that one in three women experiencing violence by their husband and also it is evident that various forms of spousal violence adversely affect pregnancies outcomes and reproductive health among battered women compared to not battered.
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