ArticleBMC public health2021
Associations between online food outlet access and online food delivery service use amongst adults in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of linked data.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Offline to online: a systematic mapping review of evidence to inform nutrition-related policies applicable to online food delivery platforms.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Using Mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment to Understand Consumption and Context Around Online Food Delivery Use: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Trial
- Compliance With England's Calorie Labeling Regulations 3 Years After Policy Implementation.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2026Article
- The UK Food Environment: A Systematic Review of Domains, Methodologies, and Outcomes.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Profiling users and non-users of meal delivery services in Belgium using latent class analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Physical and online food outlet availability and its influence on out-of-home dietary behaviours in Great Britain: A repeated cross-sectional study.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Retrospective analysis of regional and metropolitan school food environments using Google Street View: A case study in New South Wales, Australia with youth consultation.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- The prevalence of online food delivery service usage and its association with anthropometric measurements in Muscat, Oman; a cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- The impact of online food delivery applications on dietary pattern disruption in the Arab region.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Health impacts of takeaway management zones around schools in six different local authorities across England: a public health modelling study using PRIMEtime.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Developing the DIGIFOOD Dashboard to Monitor the Digitalization of Local Food Environments: Interdisciplinary Approach.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Use of online food delivery services among adults in five countries from the International Food Policy Study 2018-2021.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Digital food behaviours, motivations, and delivery application usage among saudis during COVID-19: A mixed-methods study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- From clicks to calories: Online-to-offline food consumption and overweight and obesity.PloS one · 2024Article
- Recommended nutrition-related practices for online food delivery companies.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Changes in Online Food Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associations With Deprivation: Longitudinal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Online on-demand delivery services of food and alcohol: A scoping review of public health impacts.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Food and Beverage Consumption Habits through the Perception of Health Belief Model (Grab Food or Go Food) in Surabaya and Pasuruan.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Investigating experiences of frequent online food delivery service use: a qualitative study in UK adults.BMC public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOnline food delivery services facilitate 'online' access to food outlets that typically sell lenergy-dense nutrient-poor food. Greater online food outlet access might be related to the use of this purchasing format and living with excess bodyweight, however, this is not known. We aimed to investigate the association between aspects of online food outlet access and online food delivery service use, and differences according to customer sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the association between the number of food outlets accessible online and bodyweight.
methodsIn 2019, we used an automated data collection method to collect data on all food outlets in the UK registered with the leading online food delivery service Just Eat (n = 33,204). We linked this with contemporaneous data on food purchasing, bodyweight, and sociodemographic information collected through the International Food Policy Study (analytic sample n = 3067). We used adjusted binomial logistic, linear, and multinomial logistic regression models to examine associations.
resultsAdults in the UK had online access to a median of 85 food outlets (IQR: 34-181) and 85 unique types of cuisine (IQR: 64-108), and 15.1% reported online food delivery service use in the previous week. Those with the greatest number of accessible food outlets (quarter four, 182-879) had 71% greater odds of online food delivery service use (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.68) compared to those with the least (quarter one, 0-34). This pattern was evident amongst adults with a university degree (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.85), adults aged between 18 and 29 years (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.72), those living with children (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.01; 3.75), and females at each level of increased exposure. We found no association between the number of unique types of cuisine accessible online and online food delivery service use, or between the number of food outlets accessible online and bodyweight.
conclusionsThe number of food outlets accessible online is positively associated with online food delivery service use. Adults with the highest education, younger adults, those living with children, and females, were particularly susceptible to the greatest online food outlet access. Further research is required to investigate the possible health implications of online food delivery service use.
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