ArticleThe spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society2022
Heterogeneous macrophages contribute to the pathology of disc herniation induced radiculopathy.
Article in The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Flow Cytometry Study of Immune Cell Subpopulations from the Mouse Vertebral Bone Marrow and Intervertebral Disc Following Endplate Microfracture.Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al · 2026Article
- Lumbar Disc Herniation Resorption: When and How Does It Occur?Neurospine · 2026Review
- CX3CR1 modulates acute disc herniation-induced pain via regulating local inflammation and spinal microglia activation.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2025Article
- Role of macrophage in intervertebral disc degeneration.Bone research · 2025Review
- Lumbar disc herniation reabsorption: a review of clinical manifestations, mechanisms, and conservative treatments.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Preserving the Immune-Privileged Niche of the Nucleus Pulposus: Safeguarding Intervertebral Discs from Degeneration after Discectomy with Synthetic Mucin Hydrogel Injection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- CCR2 monocytes as therapeutic targets for acute disc herniation and radiculopathy in mouse models.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Transient depletion of macrophages alters local inflammatory response at the site of disc herniation in a transgenic mouse model.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2023Article
- Multichannel impedance cytometry downstream of cell separation by deterministic lateral displacement to quantify macrophage enrichment in heterogeneous samples.Advanced materials technologies · 2023Article
- Identification of a novel, MSC-induced macrophage subtype via single-cell sequencing: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc.JOR spine · 2022Review
- Single-cell assessment of the modulation of macrophage activation by ex vivo intervertebral discs using impedance cytometry.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Amine Functionalized Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes: A Class of Nanoparticle to Tackle Low Back/Leg Pain.ACS applied bio materials · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background contextMacrophages play important roles in the progression of intervertebral disc herniation and radiculopathy. PURPOSE: To better understand the roles of macrophages in this process, we developed a new mouse model that mimics human radiculopathy. STUDY DESIGN/
settingA preclinical randomized animal study.
methodsThree types of surgeries were performed in randomly assigned Balb/c mice. These were spinal nerve exposure, traditional anterior disc puncture, and lateral disc puncture with nerve exposure (n=16/group). For the nerve exposure group, the left L5 spinal nerve was exposed without disc injury. For the traditional anterior puncture, L5/6 disc was punctured by an anterior approach as previously established. For lateral puncture with nerve exposure, the left L5 spinal nerve was exposed by removing the psoas major muscle fibers, and the L5/6 disc was punctured laterally on the left side with a 30G needle, allowing the nucleus to protrude toward the L5 spinal nerve. Mechanical hyperalgesia (pain sensitivity) of hind paws was assessed with electronic von Frey assay on alternative day for up to 2 weeks. MRI, histology, and immunostaining were performed to confirm disc herniation and inflammation.
resultsIpsilateral pain in the lateral puncture with nerve exposure group was significantly greater than the other groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly elevated at the hernia sites of both puncture groups and the spinal nerve of lateral puncture with never exposure group on postoperative day 7. Heterogeneous populations of macrophages were detected in the infiltration tissue of this mouse model and in tissue from patients undergone discectomy.
conclusionsWe have established a new mouse model that mimics human radiculopathy and demonstrated that a mixed phenotype of macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of acute discogenic radiculopathy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a clinically relevant in vivo animal model to elucidate complex interactions of disc herniation and radicular pain, which may present opportunities for the development of macrophage-anchored therapeutics to manage radiculopathy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.