ArticleBMC neurology2021
The protective impact of education on brain structure and function in Alzheimer's disease.
Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tailoring multidomain intervention programs to reduce cognitive and physical decline in older adults: Examining rural-urban differences in a nationwide cluster-randomized controlled trial.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Trial
- Oxidative stress, depressive symptoms, disability, cognitive outcomes and hand dexterity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with mild/moderate disability.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Metabolic, demographic, and behavioral risk factors predict brain structural variability in the general population: an analysis of the human connectome project young adults.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Education, Cognitive Reserve, and Brain Pathology in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Preclinical and Symptomatic Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of unspecified degenerative nervous system disorders: mortality trends via CDC WONDER (1999-2025).BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Elevated branched-chain amino acids linked to hippocampal volumes and cognitive improvement in mild cognitive impairment.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Associations between mental health and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: a large-scale cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the association of physical frailty with cognitive impairment: a clinical perspective in older adults of Bangladesh.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Bridging cognitive reserve and cerebellar networks: counteracting brain damage in patients with Alzheimer's disease at different clinical stages.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Shaping the cognitive reserve: the role of lifelong enrichment and education in the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Risk factors and development of a predictive model for post-traumatic cognitive impairment in patients with frontal lobe cerebral contusion.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Disentangling the Causal Effects of Education and Participation Bias on Alzheimer Disease Using Mendelian Randomization.Neurology. Genetics · 2025Article
- Baseline Impaired Insight Predicts Longitudinal Brain Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Cognitive States: A 30-Month Cohort Study From the ADNI Dataset.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between education and rate of cognitive decline among individuals with Alzheimer's disease: A multi-national European observational study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Observational
- Cognitive reserve and mild cognitive impairment in older adults of low socioeconomic status: evidence from an observational study in Colombia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Observational
- A "glympse" into neurodegeneration: Diffusion MRI and cerebrospinal fluid aquaporin-4 for the assessment of glymphatic system in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Positive rate and quantification of amyloid pathology with [European radiology · 2024Article
- Correlations between cognitive reserve, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volume in healthy elders and mild cognitive impairment patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Dissecting Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Asian American Elders: A Classification and Regression Tree Approach.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Cognitive Reserve (CR) theory posits that brains with higher reserve can cope with more cerebral damage to minimize clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education (CR proxy) on brain structure and function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and in cognitively healthy elderly (HC) individuals.
methodsFifty-seven AD patients, 57 aMCI patients and 48 HCs were included to investigate the relationships between education years and gray matter volume (GMV), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) in brain regions to show associations with both structure and function. Taking the severity of the disease into account, we further assessed the relationships in AD stratified analyses.
resultsIn AD group, the GMV of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and ReHo in the left inferior temporal cortex (ITC) were inversely associated with education years, after adjustment for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and total intracranial volume or head motion parameters. Seed-based FC analyses revealed that education years were negatively correlated with the FC between the left anterior ITC and left mid frontal cortex as well as right superior frontal cortex and right angular gyrus. Stratified analyses results indicated that this negative relation between education and GMV, ReHo, FC was mainly present in mild AD, which was attenuated in moderate AD and aMCI groups.
conclusionsOur results support the CR theory, and suggest that CR may be protective against AD related brain pathology at the early stage of clinical dementia. These findings could provide the locus of CR-related functional brain mechanisms and a specific time-window for therapeutic interventions to help AD patients to cope better with the brain pathological damage by increasing CR.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.