ArticleBMC pediatrics2021
Concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk and child growth.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02550236 (Prospective Population-based Childhood Cohort Study in the Leipzig Area Investigating Genetic, Environmental, and Metabolic Factors and Their Association With the Development of Civilization Diseases), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective Population-based Childhood Cohort Study in the Leipzig Area Investigating Genetic, Environmental, and Metabolic Factors and Their Association With the Development of Civilization Diseases
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of infant fucosyltransferase polymorphisms on the association of maternal secretor status with child outcomes: the Ulm birth cohort studies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unaltered 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose concentrations in human milk acutely after endurance exercise: a randomized crossover trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Absolute quantification of eight human milk oligosaccharides in breast milk to evaluate their concentration profiles and associations with infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes.Journal of food science · 2024Article
- Human milk oligosaccharides and infant growth: a global health approach.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Microbiota from human infants consuming secretors or non-secretors mothers' milk impacts the gut and immune system in mice.mSystems · 2024Article
- Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Air pollution exposure may impact the composition of human milk oligosaccharides.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Seeding and feeding milestones: the role of human milk microbes and oligosaccharides in the temporal development of infant gut microbiota.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Human milk oligosaccharide profiles remain unaffected by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index in an observational study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles and the Secretor and Lewis Gene Status of Indonesian Lactating Mothers.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2023Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile across Lactation Stages in Israeli Women-A Prospective Observational Study.Nutrients · 2023Observational
- Human Milk Microbiome and Microbiome-Related Products: Potential Modulators of Infant Growth.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Dynamics of human milk oligosaccharides in early lactation and relation with growth and appetitive traits of Filipino breastfed infants.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: From basic science to clinical evidence.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and child growth has been investigated only insufficiently with ambiguous results. Therefore, this study examines potential influencing factors of HMO concentrations and how HMO are associated with child growth parameters.
methodsMilk samples from the German LIFE Child cohort of healthy children were analyzed for 9 HMO. Putative associations with maternal and child cofactors and child height, head circumference and BMI between 3 months and 7 years of age were examined. Secretor status, defined as the presence of 2'-fucosyllactose, was investigated for associations with infant outcomes.
resultsOur population consisted of 21 (14.7%) non-secretor and 122 (85.3%) secretor mothers. Maternal age was significantly associated with higher 3'SL concentrations; gestational age was associated with LNT, 6'SL and LNFP-I. Pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively associated with LNnT only in non-secretors. The growth velocity of non-secretors' children was inversely associated with LNnT at 3 months to 1 year (R = 0.95 [0.90, 0.99], p = 0.014), 1 to 2 years (R = 0.80 [0.72, 0.88], p < 0.001) and 5 to 6 years (R = 0.71 [0.57, 0.87], p = 0.002). 2'FL was negatively associated with BMI consistently, reaching statistical significance at 3 months and 4 and 5 years. Children of non-secretors showed higher BMI at 3 months, 6 months, and 3, 6, and 7 years of age.
conclusionWe found that some associations between HMO and infant growth may extend beyond the infancy and breastfeeding periods. They highlight the importance of both maternal and infant parameters in the understanding of the underlying associations.
trial registrationThe study is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02550236 .
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