ArticleAddictive behaviors2022
Prevalences of and characteristics associated with single- and polydrug-involved U.S. Emergency Department Visits in 2018.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Characteristics of Emergency Visits Related to Recreational Psychedelic Use.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Higher prevalence of non-fatal overdose with opioid and stimulant use compared to use of opioids alone.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- The impact of antidepressant use on MDMA fatalities: A matched case-control study using a post-mortem database.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Implementation of an opioid use disorder (OUD) machine-learning phenotype in real-time for the ADAPT clinical trial.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Acute Poisoning: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Diquat, Single-Drug and Mixed-Drug Exposures.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Implementation of an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Machine-Learning Phenotype in Real-Time for the ADAPT Project.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Analysis of Drugs in Whole Blood by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry with Integrated Solid-Phase Extraction.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Emergency Department Visits due to Medication Overdose in a Finnish University Hospital.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with overdose among patients with a substance-related diagnosis in the emergency department of Southern California.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Relations Between Proximal and Distal Predictors of Suicide Risk among College Students.Psychology of violence · 2025Article
- Using ICD Codes Alone May Misclassify Overdoses Among Perinatal People.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Overlapping Hepatic and Neurological Toxicity Following Intentional Multidrug Poisoning with Acetaminophen, Metoclopramide, and Metronidazole: A Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2025Article
- Characteristics associated with adult non-fatal opioid and stimulant overdose and substance use disorder emergency department visits in Michigan.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Estimating the ratio of fatal to non-fatal overdoses involving all drugs, all opioids, synthetic opioids, heroin or stimulants, USA, 2010-2020.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2024Article
- A four-way patient search method for the retrospective identification of poisoning patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- County-level social vulnerability and nonfatal drug overdose emergency department visits and hospitalizations, January 2018-December 2020.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Characterization of Nonfatal Opioid, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, and Polydrug Exposure and Clinical Presentations Reported to the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Core Registry, January 2010-December 2021.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2023Article
- Developing a Cascade of Care Framework and Surveillance Indicators to Monitor Linkage to and Retention in Care for Substance Use Disorder.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNonfatal and fatal drug overdoses have recently increased. There are limited data describing the range of illicit, prescribed, and over-the-counter drugs involved in overdoses presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs).
methodsUsing 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide ED Sample (NEDS) data, we calculated weighted counts and percentages by drug among overdose-related ED visits. Overdose-related ED visits were those having an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) drug poisoning code falling under parent codes T36-T50 (codes involving alcohol were not explicitly queried). We identified the top 30 mutually exclusive polydrug combinations and compared characteristics of visits by polydrug status.
resultsIn 2018, 908,234 ED visits had a T36-T50 drug poisoning code. The most frequently reported drugs involved were opioids (30.3% of visits; heroin: 15.2%), benzodiazepines (11.0%), stimulants (7.9%), other/unspecified antidepressants (7.1%), 4-aminophenol derivatives (6.6%), and other/unspecified drugs, medicaments, and biological substances (11.8%). Overdose was uncommon for most other drug classes (e.g., antibiotics). Polydrug visits were more likely to involve females (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.16), be coded intentional self-harm (PR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.77-1.85), and result in hospitalization (PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.79-1.89) or death (PR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.53) compared to single-drug overdose-related visits. Benzodiazepines, opioids, and/or stimulants were most frequently involved in polydrug overdoses.
conclusionOpioids, benzodiazepines, and stimulants were most commonly reported in both single-drug and polydrug overdose-involved ED visits. Other drugs involved in overdoses included antidepressants and 4-aminophenol derivatives. Jurisdictions can use data on drugs involved in overdoses to better tailor prevention strategies to emerging needs.
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